Futures Contracts Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is counterparty risk primarily associated with?

  • The risk of economic loss from a counterparty's failure to meet contractual obligations (correct)
  • The risk of regulatory changes impacting contracts
  • The risk of market price fluctuations
  • The risk of illiquidity in financial markets
  • In a futures contract, which entity guarantees the settlement of trades?

  • The government regulatory authority
  • A central bank
  • The clearing corporation associated with the exchange (correct)
  • The individual traders themselves
  • What distinguishes futures contracts from forward contracts?

  • Futures contracts are traded on an organized exchange (correct)
  • Futures contracts are more flexible regarding contract terms
  • Futures contracts can only be settled in cash
  • Futures contracts require a physical delivery of assets
  • What happens if the market price of a commodity falls below the agreed contract price in a futures agreement?

    <p>The buyer will still have to purchase at the higher price (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a feature of futures contracts?

    <p>They allow for individualized contract terms (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the Index Committee?

    <p>To make final decisions about the inclusion or removal of securities from the index (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following actions does NOT trigger index maintenance?

    <p>Index creation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do index funds aim to achieve their investment objective?

    <p>By investing in stocks in the same proportions as they exist in the index (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What primarily differentiates index revision from index maintenance?

    <p>Index revision is a proactive process, while maintenance is reactive to corporate actions (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a major characteristic of index derivatives?

    <p>They have the index as the underlying asset (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is true for the Sensex index fund?

    <p>It replicates the proportions of the 30 shares in the Sensex (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason for the 'tracking error' in index funds?

    <p>Management expenses and cash holdings for redemptions (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What feature of futures contracts involves payments made by both parties?

    <p>Margins (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What ensures that an index reflects the most vibrant lot of securities in the market?

    <p>Index revision as a continuous exercise (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which aspect of futures contracts is determined by the exchange?

    <p>Contract specifications (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one limitation of futures contracts?

    <p>High administrative costs (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of the contract size in futures trading?

    <p>It is determined by the exchange. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'underlying asset' in futures contracts refer to?

    <p>The index or stock on which the contract is based (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of futures trading, what is a 'tick size'?

    <p>The minimum price movement of a contract (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the expiry date of the Nifty futures contract mentioned in the example?

    <p>Oct 31, 2024 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the underlying price of the Nifty index given in the example?

    <p>25250.10 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for an unsettled sell position in a contract?

    <p>Short Position (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If a client holds a long position in 4 contracts and then subsequently shorts 6 contracts of the same security, what will be the client's net open position for that security?

    <p>Short 2 contracts (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What constitutes a naked position in futures trading?

    <p>A long or short position without any position in the underlying asset (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following descriptions aligns with a calendar spread position?

    <p>A long on one maturity contract and short on another maturity contract for the same asset (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does 'closing a position' mean in futures trading?

    <p>Selling a contract that was previously bought or buying a contract that was previously sold (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If Mr.X shorts 5 contracts of a security and is simultaneously long on 3 contracts of another, how should his open position be recorded?

    <p>Open position = Long 3 and Short 5 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If Ms.P sells 5 contracts on Sensex futures, what is her position?

    <p>Short Position (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to a calendar spread position when the near month contract expires?

    <p>It is no longer an open position (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key assumption of the Cost of Carry model regarding the underlying asset in the cash market?

    <p>The underlying asset is available in abundance. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which scenario indicates that the Cost of Carry model may not apply?

    <p>The underlying asset has a seasonal pattern of demand and supply. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What makes the Cost of Carry model unsuitable for certain underlying assets?

    <p>These assets cannot be easily held or maintained. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are margins not considered in the Cost of Carry model?

    <p>Margins do not affect the calculation of fair value. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an aspect that may lead to the need for model adjustments in the Cost of Carry model?

    <p>The seasonal availability of the underlying assets. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which situation does the Cost of Carry model generally apply best?

    <p>When underlying assets are abundant and can be traded freely. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a defining feature of the Convenience Yield in the futures market?

    <p>It reflects the non-monetary benefits of holding a physical asset. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What implication does the assumption of no transaction costs have on the Cost of Carry model?

    <p>It simplifies the pricing of financial derivatives. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of derivatives in financial markets?

    <p>To hedge against risks and speculations (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which chapter discusses the differences between forwards and futures contracts?

    <p>Chapter 3 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does 'moneyness' of an option refer to?

    <p>The intrinsic value of an option relative to its strike price (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one key characteristic of index management?

    <p>Tracking the performance of a group of assets (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which chapter would you find information about margining and mark to market under SPAN?

    <p>Chapter 7 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of trading is focused on the immediate transaction without future obligations?

    <p>Spot trading (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of options contracts?

    <p>Right, but not obligation to buy or sell (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is not a type of risk faced by participants in the derivatives market?

    <p>Utility risk (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What significant regulatory document governs the derivatives market in India?

    <p>Securities and Exchange Board of India Act, 1992 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of the Investor Protection Fund?

    <p>To compensate investors for losses due to broker defaults (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of implied volatility on option pricing?

    <p>Higher implied volatility increases option prices (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary use of futures contracts in financial markets?

    <p>To hedge against price fluctuations (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the put-call parity in options trading?

    <p>It defines the relationship between put and call option prices (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Signup and view all the answers

    Flashcards

    Derivative

    A financial instrument whose value is derived from the value of an underlying asset. Examples include futures, options, and forwards.

    Derivatives Market

    A market where derivatives are traded. Allows for the transfer of risk and price discovery.

    Option

    A financial instrument that gives the holder the right, but not the obligation, to buy or sell an underlying asset at a specified price on or before a certain date.

    Future Contract

    A contract that obligates two parties to buy or sell an underlying asset at a predetermined price on a specific date.

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    Forward Contract

    A contract that is customized between two parties to buy or sell an underlying asset at a specific price on a specific date.

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    Stock Index

    A financial index that tracks the performance of a group of assets, such as stocks or bonds.

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    Index

    The weighted average of prices of a group of stocks representing a particular market segment or the entire market.

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    Call Option

    The right to buy an underlying asset at a specific price on or before a certain date.

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    Put Option

    The right to sell an underlying asset at a specific price on or before a certain date.

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    Derivative as a Hedge

    A type of derivative that is used to hedge against price fluctuations in an underlying asset.

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    Derivative as a Speculation

    A type of derivative that is used to speculate on the price movements of an underlying asset.

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    Exchange Traded Fund (ETF)

    A financial instrument that allows investors to buy or sell a basket of stocks, bonds, or other assets.

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    Intrinsic Value of an Option

    The difference between the current market price of an underlying asset and the strike price of an option.

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    Time Value of an Option

    The additional value of an option beyond its intrinsic value, reflecting the time remaining until expiration and the potential for price fluctuations.

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    Option Greek: Delta

    A measure of the potential change in the price of an option for a given change in the price of the underlying asset.

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    Option Greek: Theta

    A measure of the potential change in the price of an option for a given change in the time remaining until expiration.

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    Index Maintenance

    The process of ensuring an index remains relevant and representative of the market by adjusting its composition based on corporate actions, such as stock splits, dividends, and mergers.

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    Index Revision

    A periodic review of an index to add or remove securities, ensuring it reflects the most dynamic companies and accurately portrays the market.

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    Index Committee

    A group of specialists responsible for deciding which securities to include or remove from an index.

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    Index Derivatives

    Financial instruments that derive their value from an underlying index.

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    Index Funds

    Mutual funds that aim to replicate the performance of a specific market index.

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    Stock Market Index

    A measure of the overall performance of a set of securities, often used as a benchmark for the stock market.

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    Tracking Error

    The difference in returns between an index fund and the actual index it tracks.

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    Index Eligibility Criteria

    A set of pre-determined rules that define which securities are eligible for inclusion in a stock market index.

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    Counterparty risk

    The risk that a party to a contract will not fulfill their obligations, resulting in financial loss for the other party.

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    Long position

    The party in a futures contract who agrees to buy the underlying asset at a future date.

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    Short position

    The party in a futures contract who agrees to sell the underlying asset at a future date.

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    Default risk in futures contracts

    The risk that a party in a futures contract will not be able to fulfill their obligations due to insufficient funds or other reasons.

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    Underlying Instrument

    The underlying asset traded in a futures contract, such as a stock or index.

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    Underlying Price

    The price at which the underlying instrument is traded in the cash market.

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    Tick Size

    The minimum price movement allowed for a futures contract.

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    Contract Multiplier or Size

    The standardized quantity of the underlying asset traded in one futures contract.

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    Contract Specifications

    Features of a futures contract, including the contract maturity, contract multiplier, and tick size.

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    Exchange

    An exchange that provides a centralized platform for trading futures contracts.

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    Mark-to-Market (MTM) Settlement

    A method of settling futures contracts daily based on the difference between the previous day's closing price and the current price.

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    Margins

    Payments made by both parties to a futures contract to cover potential losses.

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    Open Position

    The total quantity of futures contracts that a trader holds, both long and short.

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    Naked Position

    A long or short position in a futures contract without holding the underlying asset.

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    Calendar Spread

    Holding long and short positions on the same underlying asset with different maturities.

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    Opening a Position

    Opening a futures contract increases the client's open position.

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    Closing a Position

    Closing a futures contract reduces the client's open position.

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    Open Position

    A long or short position which remains active or open across trading days.

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    Abundant Underlying Asset Availability

    The assumption that the underlying asset is available in sufficient quantities to buy or sell without significantly impacting its price.

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    Non-Seasonal Demand and Supply

    The assumption that the underlying asset's demand and supply are not influenced by seasonal factors, meaning prices remain relatively stable throughout the year.

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    Easy Asset Holding and Maintenance

    The assumption that the underlying asset can be easily stored and maintained without significant costs or complications.

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    Short Selling Capability

    The assumption that the underlying asset can be sold short, meaning investors can profit from a decrease in its price.

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    No Transaction Costs

    The assumption that there are no costs associated with buying, selling, or holding the underlying asset.

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    No Taxes

    The assumption that there are no taxes imposed on any transaction related to the underlying asset.

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    No Margin Requirements

    The assumption that there are no margin requirements for trading the underlying asset, meaning investors don't need to put down a deposit to open a position.

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    Convenience Yield

    A measure of the benefit received from holding a physical asset rather than its futures contract, representing advantages like control over the asset and potential for early profit.

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    Study Notes

    NISM Certification Examination - Series VIII: Equity Derivatives

    • This workbook is for candidates preparing for the NISM Series VIII: Equity Derivatives Certification Examination.
    • The workbook version is dated September 2024.
    • The National Institute of Securities Markets (NISM) published this workbook.
    • NISM is a capacity building initiative of SEBI.
    • The workbook's website is www.nism.ac.in.
    • All rights to the publication are reserved. Reproduction without permission is prohibited.
    • This specific version of the workbook is for candidates appearing on or after November 29, 2024.

    Workbook Contents/Syllabus

    • The workbook covers various chapters, each with detailed topics and learning objectives, related to equity derivatives.
    • It includes chapters on the basics of derivatives, understanding indices, forwards and futures, options, trading strategies using equity futures and options, hedging, risk management, clearing, settlement, legal and regulatory environment, accounting and taxation, and sales practices and investor protection services.
    • A syllabus outline with weightage for each chapter is provided.

    Examination Objectives

    • Candidates should be able to understand the basics of the Indian equity derivatives market.
    • Candidates should be able to understand the various trading strategies utilizing futures and options on both stocks and stock market indices.
    • Candidates should be able to understand clearing, settlement and risk management in equity derivative markets.
    • Candidates should be able to understand the operational mechanism of equity derivative markets.
    • Candidates should be able to understand the regulatory environment of equity derivative markets in India.

    Examination Structure

    • The NISM-Series-VIII: Equity Derivatives Certification Examination consists of 100 multiple choice questions.
    • The examination duration is 2 hours.
    • There is negative marking of 25% for each incorrect answer.
    • The passing score is 60%.

    How to Register

    • To register and find out more about the examination, visit www.nism.ac.in.
    • The test centres are equipped with Microsoft Excel or OpenOffice Calc.

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    Description

    Test your knowledge of futures contracts and their characteristics with this quiz. You'll explore concepts such as counterparty risk, trade settlement, and key differences from forward contracts. Perfect for finance students and professionals looking to refresh their understanding.

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