Fungal Disease and Cutaneous Infections
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Questions and Answers

What is the name of the fungal infection that affects the nails, hair, and/or stratum corneum of the skin?

  • Dermatophytosis (correct)
  • Cutaneous mycoses
  • Subcutaneous mycoses
  • Dermatomycosis

    • What is the nutrient source for dermatophytes?

  • Fats
  • Protein
  • Keratin (correct)
  • Carbohydrates

    • What is the name of the fungus that causes infections on skin and hair?

  • Epidermophyton
  • Trichophyton
  • Microsporum (correct)
  • Candida

    • What is the general name for any skin disease caused by a fungus?

    <p>Dermatomycosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the category of mycoses that includes Cryptococcus neoformans, Coccidioides immitis, and Histoplasma capsulatum?

    <p>Systemic mycosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the fungus that causes infections on skin and nails?

    <p>Epidermophyton</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of dermatophyte is transmitted by human contact or infected objects?

    <p>Anthropophilic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of Microsporum species?

    <p>Infects hair, skin, and nail</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a geophilic species causing human infections?

    <p>Microsporum gypseum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a source of ringworm infection?

    <p>Warm, damp areas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which Trichophyton species infects the skin, hair, and nail, and infects endothrix and ectothrix?

    <p>Trichophyton rubrum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of the colony of Trichophyton rubrum?

    <p>White, cottony surface and a deep red, non-diffusible pigment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a zoophilic species?

    <p>Microsporum canis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of Microsporum canis macroconidia?

    <p>Curved or hooked tips</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of the macroconidia produced by Epidermophyton floccosum?

    <p>They are smooth-walled and 2-4 celled.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a site of infection for Epidermophyton floccosum?

    <p>Hair</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the typical location of Tinea pedis (athlete's foot)?

    <p>Between the toes or toe webs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of the infected area in Tinea pedis?

    <p>It is covered by white macerated tissues.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a main causative dermatophyte of Tinea pedis?

    <p>T. rubrum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for ringworm infection of the groin?

    <p>Tinea cruris</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following dermatophytes produces a flat, powdery colony and a reddish-brown colony when observed from the reverse side?

    <p>T. tonsurans</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for ringworm infection of the scalp?

    <p>Tinea capitis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a nail infection that may follow prolonged tinea pedis?

    <p>Tinea unguium (onychomycosis)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a causative agent of Tinea capitis?

    <p>Epidermophyton floccosum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a scalp infection that produces dull gray, circular patches of alopecia, scaling, and itching?

    <p>Tinea capitis (black dot)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following factors is implicated in the infection of Tinea capitis?

    <p>Crowded living conditions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a fungal infection that involves the bearded region?

    <p>Tinea barbae (barba’s itch)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a fungal infection that produces concentric or ring-like lesions on the skin?

    <p>Tinea corporis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of Tinea cruris?

    <p>Dry, itchy lesions that often start on the scrotum and spread to the groin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for ringworm of hands or fingers?

    <p>Tinea Manus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the allergic manifestations that may occur in the course of dermatophytosis?

    <p>Trichophytid reaction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the trichophytin skin test?

    <p>To detect immediate or delayed type hypersensitivity to dermatophytic antigens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary specimen used for diagnosing dermatophytosis?

    <p>Scrapings from skin and nails, plus hairs from involved areas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of Microsporum-infected hairs fluorescing under Wood's light?

    <p>It is a characteristic of certain fungal species</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of using 10-20% KOH in microscopic examination?

    <p>To clear the specimen for microscopy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of treatment for dermatophytosis?

    <p>To remove infected and dead epithelial structures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of keeping the affected area dry in the treatment of dermatophytosis?

    <p>To reduce the risk of reinfection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following antifungal agents is NOT used to treat dermatophytosis?

    <p>Amoxicillin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Organization of Fungal Disease

    Classification of Mycoses

    • Cutaneous mycoses: caused by Microsporum, Trichophyton, and Epidermophyton
    • Subcutaneous mycoses: caused by Sporothrix schenkii
    • Systemic mycosis: caused by Cryptococcus neoformans, Coccidioides immitis, Histoplasma capsulatum, Candida spp., and Aspergillus spp.

    Cutaneous Fungal Infections

    Dermatophytoses

    • Also known as "ringworm" disease
    • Caused by fungi called dermatophytes
    • Affects the nails, hair, and stratum corneum of the skin
    • Characterized by a circular, ring-like lesion with a scaly, itchy surface

    Dermatophytes

    • Molds that produce keratinase and use keratin as a nutrient source
    • Colonize only dead layers of skin, nails, and hair
    • Do not infect living tissues
    • Classified into three groups: anthropophilic, zoophilic, and geophilic

    Classification of Dermatophytes

    • Anthropophilic: infect humans, transmitted by human contact or infected objects
    • Zoophilic: infect animals, transmitted by contact with animals or their products
    • Geophilic: soil fungi, transmitted to humans via exposure to soil or dusty animals

    Examples of Dermatophytes

    • Epidermophyton floccosum: causes skin and nail infections, globally distributed
    • Trichophyton mentagrophytes: causes skin, hair, and nail infections, globally distributed
    • Microsporum gypseum: causes skin and hair infections, globally distributed
    • Microsporum canis: causes skin and hair infections in dogs and cats

    Clinical Manifestations of Ringworm Infections

    • Tinea capitis: ringworm infection of the head, scalp, eyebrows, and eyelashes
    • Tinea corporis: ringworm infection of the body (smooth skin)
    • Tinea cruris: ringworm infection of the groin (jock itch)
    • Tinea unguium: ringworm infection of the nails
    • Tinea barbae: ringworm infection of the beard
    • Tinea manuum: ringworm infection of the hand
    • Tinea pedis: ringworm infection of the foot (athlete's foot)

    Diagnostic Laboratory Tests

    • Specimens: scrapings from skin and nails, plus plucked hairs from involved areas
    • Microscopic examination: detects branching hyphae or chains of spores
    • Culture: Sabouraud's agar specimen incubated for 1-3 weeks at room temperature
    • Identification: based on colonial morphology, microscopic morphology, and species-specific characteristics

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    Description

    This quiz covers the classification of mycoses, including cutaneous, subcutaneous, and systemic mycoses, as well as dermatophytoses, also known as ringworm disease.

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