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Fungi are able to make their own food, like plants.
Fungi are able to make their own food, like plants.
False
Which of the following categories are heterotrophs further divided into?
Which of the following categories are heterotrophs further divided into?
What term describes an organism that derives their nutrition from the protoplasm of another organism?
What term describes an organism that derives their nutrition from the protoplasm of another organism?
Parasite
Parasites that cause disease are called ______.
Parasites that cause disease are called ______.
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What is an example of an organism that obtains its carbon source from by-products of other organisms or dead organisms?
What is an example of an organism that obtains its carbon source from by-products of other organisms or dead organisms?
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Facultative parasites are organisms that can only exist as parasites.
Facultative parasites are organisms that can only exist as parasites.
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What is the term used to refer to the 'living together' of different species in a mutually beneficial relationship?
What is the term used to refer to the 'living together' of different species in a mutually beneficial relationship?
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What type of symbiosis describes a mutually beneficial relationship between a fungus and another organism?
What type of symbiosis describes a mutually beneficial relationship between a fungus and another organism?
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Fungi are classified as prokaryotes.
Fungi are classified as prokaryotes.
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What is the name for the vegetative body of a fungus?
What is the name for the vegetative body of a fungus?
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What are the two main types of reproduction that occur in yeast?
What are the two main types of reproduction that occur in yeast?
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What is the collective term for the filamentous strands that make up the fungal thallus?
What is the collective term for the filamentous strands that make up the fungal thallus?
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What are the two main types of mycelium?
What are the two main types of mycelium?
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______ mycelium is divided into discreet cells by cell walls that are laid down at regular intervals along the length of the mycelium.
______ mycelium is divided into discreet cells by cell walls that are laid down at regular intervals along the length of the mycelium.
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Coenocytic mycelium is divided by septa.
Coenocytic mycelium is divided by septa.
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What term describes fungi that have both mycelium and yeast forms?
What term describes fungi that have both mycelium and yeast forms?
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Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of hyphae?
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of hyphae?
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The nuclei of fungi are easily visible without stains.
The nuclei of fungi are easily visible without stains.
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What is the name for the ecologically active body of fungi?
What is the name for the ecologically active body of fungi?
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What is the term used to describe the symbiotic relationship between fungi and plant roots?
What is the term used to describe the symbiotic relationship between fungi and plant roots?
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Fungi in mycorrhizae obtain carbohydrates from the plant, while the plant receives water and nutrients from the fungus.
Fungi in mycorrhizae obtain carbohydrates from the plant, while the plant receives water and nutrients from the fungus.
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Which of the following fungal phyla have hyphae that invade root cells in mycorrhizal relationships?
Which of the following fungal phyla have hyphae that invade root cells in mycorrhizal relationships?
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Mycorrhizal relationships are considered to be ecologically insignificant.
Mycorrhizal relationships are considered to be ecologically insignificant.
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What is the name for the symbiotic association between a fungus and an alga or cyanobacterium?
What is the name for the symbiotic association between a fungus and an alga or cyanobacterium?
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Which of the following is NOT a main type of lichen?
Which of the following is NOT a main type of lichen?
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Fruticose lichens are leafy in appearance.
Fruticose lichens are leafy in appearance.
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What are the two main types of fungal spores?
What are the two main types of fungal spores?
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Asexual spores are produced through mitosis, while sexual spores are produced through meiosis.
Asexual spores are produced through mitosis, while sexual spores are produced through meiosis.
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What is the main purpose of spores?
What is the main purpose of spores?
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In which of the following ways can spores be formed?
In which of the following ways can spores be formed?
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Fungal spores are not considered reproductive cells.
Fungal spores are not considered reproductive cells.
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What is the name given to the process of fungal spore development from a germinating spore?
What is the name given to the process of fungal spore development from a germinating spore?
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Mycelia have a small surface area, making them efficient at absorbing nutrients.
Mycelia have a small surface area, making them efficient at absorbing nutrients.
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Fungi often grow through their ______, excreting extracellular digestive enzymes and absorbing dissolved food.
Fungi often grow through their ______, excreting extracellular digestive enzymes and absorbing dissolved food.
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The vegetative phase of a fungus is generally sedentary.
The vegetative phase of a fungus is generally sedentary.
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What are the main components of fungal cell walls?
What are the main components of fungal cell walls?
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Which of the following is NOT a food storage form used by fungi?
Which of the following is NOT a food storage form used by fungi?
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What kind of conditions do fungi generally require for growth?
What kind of conditions do fungi generally require for growth?
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Fungi can only grow in specific, specialized habitats.
Fungi can only grow in specific, specialized habitats.
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The estimated number of described fungal species ranges from ______ to 100,000.
The estimated number of described fungal species ranges from ______ to 100,000.
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Study Notes
Fungal Characteristics
- Fungi are heterotrophic, meaning they cannot produce their own food. They obtain carbon from other organisms.
- Heterotrophs—organisms that depend on other organisms for food—can be divided into different categories:
- Parasites obtain nutrition from the protoplasm of another organism (the host). Some parasites cause disease and are called pathogens. They feed on the living tissue of the host.
- Saprobes obtain carbon from nonliving organic matter. Often they consume the byproducts or remains of dead organisms. They are called decomposers. If environmental conditions change, some saprobes may become parasites and are called facultative parasites.
Fungal Structure & Form
- Eukaryotic: Fungi have membrane-bound organelles like the nucleus, mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, etc.
- Thallus: The vegetative body of a fungus can take different forms.
- Yeast: A unicellular form of fungus that reproduces asexually (by budding or fission).
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Mycelium (Molds): The collective strands or filaments of a fungus that make up the thallus.
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Hyphae: The individual strands of a mycelium.
- Septate: A hypha with cross-walls, called septa. The septa divide the hypha into discrete cells.
- Coenocytic: A hypha without septa. The hyphae form a continuous structure and can have multiple nuclei within the one continuous tube.
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Hyphae: The individual strands of a mycelium.
- Dimorphic fungi: Some fungi exist in both mycelium and yeast forms.
Additional Fungal Characteristics
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Symbiosis: "Living together". Some fungi engage in a mutually beneficial relationship (mutualistic symbiosis)
- Mycorrhizae: A mutually beneficial relationship between a fungus and roots of plants. The fungus helps the plant absorb water and nutrients, and the plant provides the fungus with carbohydrates.
- Lichens: A mutualistic symbiotic relationship between a fungus and an alga or cyanobacterium. The alga or cyanobacterium provides food, and the fungus provides structure and protection.
Fungal Reproduction
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Spores: Fungi reproduce both sexually and asexually using spores.
- Spores—sexual or asexual (mitotic or meiotic)—allow fungi to reproduce, spread to new food sources, and survive unfavorable conditions.
- Spores are reproductive cells that can develop into a new fungal organism.
- Fungi can form spores inside fruiting bodies or directly on hyphae.
Fungal Growth
- Mycelium and Hyphal growth: The feeding structure of a fungus, a network created by threads of hyphae.
- Mycelia: The mass of hyphae form a feeding network that allows fungi to absorb large amounts of nutrients.
- Hyphal tips: Where hyphae grow.
Other Characteristics of fungi
- Heterotrophic by Absorption: Fungi acquire nutrients from their surroundings by releasing enzymes, breaking down the organic matter, and then absorbing the digested products.
- Cell Wall: Fungi have a cell wall composed of chitin.
- Food Storage: Fungi store food in the form of glycogen and lipids.
- Habitat: Fungi grow in almost every habitat on earth in which organic matter exists.
- Diversity: Fungi exhibit a great diversity in form, structure, and function. The estimated number of species ranges from 69,000-100,000, possibly reaching over 1.5 million.
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Description
Explore the fascinating world of fungi with this quiz focusing on their characteristics, structure, and nutritional strategies. Understand the differences between parasites and saprobes, and learn about the eukaryotic nature of fungi. Test your knowledge on how these organisms play crucial roles in ecosystems.
