Fungal Characteristics and Classification

<p>Non-septate hyphae lack walls between cells (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Fungi that decompose dead organic matter (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Yeast (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Mycorrhizae consist of fungi and plants, while lichens consist of fungi and algae (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Budding and spore formation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hydration levels (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They can switch between aerobic and anaerobic respiration. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Secondary cell cultures are created by transferring cells into fresh growth medium. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>PrPsc (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is readily spread from person to person. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Continuous cell line (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Acyclovir (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A collection of signs and symptoms characteristic of a disease. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They are essential for the replication of the viruses. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They represent clear zones formed by bacteriophage activity. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They are contracted as a result of medical procedures. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is when the pathogen starts to multiply in the host. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They produce visible fruiting bodies, like mushrooms. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Candida albicans (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sexual reproduction through zygospores. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Glomeromycota (C), Zygomycota (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Histoplasma capsulatum (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To penetrate host cell membranes for fungal entry. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>-ssRNA (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Dermatophytosis (Ringworm) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Penetration (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pathogenicity is the ability to cause disease, while virulence is the degree of this ability. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They only infect hosts with a compromised immune system. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Invasion (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They spread throughout the body and affect deeper organs. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Collagenase (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Exotoxins are released into the environment, whereas endotoxins are released upon cell disintegration. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Intracellular survival mechanisms (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It facilitates penetration through tissues. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A patient with HIV develops thrush. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Fungi lack chlorophyll and cannot photosynthesize (heterotrophic), while plants use chlorophyll for photosynthesis (autotrophic).

Fungi are eukaryotic (have a nucleus), while bacteria are prokaryotic (no nucleus); fungi have sterols in their cell membranes, while bacteria do not; fungi cell walls lack peptidoglycans, which are present in bacteria.

Fungi exist as either molds (multicellular, aerobic) or yeasts (unicellular, facultative anaerobes).

Fungi reproduce asexually through budding (cell division to form a new cell) or transverse division (cell divides down the middle).

Filaments that absorb nutrients from the environment. They extend lengthwise, creating new filaments.

The collection of hyphae, which can form a visible mass or network.

Fungi that decompose dead organic matter, recycling nutrients.

Symbiotic relationship between fungi and plant roots, where both benefit. Fungus gets carbon, the plant gets minerals and water.

Fungi can change forms depending on the conditions (temperature, location).

Fungi change from yeast to hyphae (and back) depending on factors like temperature and location within or outside a host.

A type of fungal reproduction where offspring are genetically identical to the parent. This is done through spores germinating, resulting in daughter organism similar to parent.

Fusion of nuclei from two different strains of the same fungal species, resulting in a genetically different offspring

A phylum of fungi that form symbiotic relationships with plant roots, forming endomycorrhizae. They're essential for plant nutrition as they live inside the roots of about 80% of plants.

The oldest and simplest fungal phylum, mostly aquatic. The chytrids are a diverse group of fungi.

A phylum of fungi including saprophytic and parasitic species. Noteworthy for sexual reproduction via zygospores (diploid zygotes).

A large phylum of fungi, including many important species in food and medicine. Distinguished by septated hyphae, asexual reproduction via conidiospores, and sexual reproduction via ascospores.

A phylum of fungi known for their visible fruiting bodies. includes saprotrophic species and mushrooms

A phylum of obligate intracellular parasitic fungi. Characterized by polar tubules for host cell infection which are key structures of these pathogens.

Histoplasmosis- caused by Histoplasma capsulatum; often acquired by inhaling spores in soil or animal environments

Dermatophytosis-Fungal infection of hair, skin, and nails. Characterized by ring-like lesions.

The ability of a microbe to cause disease.

The degree or severity of a pathogen's ability to cause disease.

A microbe that can cause disease in a healthy host, regardless of their existing microbiota.

A microbe that only causes disease when the host's immune system is compromised.

The initial stage of infection where the pathogen enters the host.

The process of the pathogen attaching to the host's cells.

The pathogen's ability to evade the host's immune system and spread within the body.

The pathogen multiplying and causing damage to the host.

The final stage of infection where the pathogen leaves the host to infect others.

An infection confined to a specific area, usually near the point of entry.

A chicken egg that has been fertilized by a rooster, containing various structures essential for embryonic development.

A membrane in a fertilized chicken egg, responsible for gas exchange and waste removal.

The fluid-filled sac within a fertilized chicken egg, where the developing chick is suspended.

The structure in a fertilized chicken egg that provides nourishment to the developing chick.

Cells directly isolated from animal tissues and grown in a solution.

The phenomenon where cells stop dividing when they come into contact with each other.

Cells that can be grown indefinitely in culture, often derived from cancerous cells.

Visible changes in host cells caused by viral infection, detectable under a microscope.

Giant multinucleated cells formed by the fusion of infected host cells.

Infectious proteins that can cause disease by misfolding and accumulating in the brain.