Fundamentals of Infections and Diseases Unit 1

Questions and Answers

Which term best describes an illness characterized by a recognizable set of signs and symptoms?

Epidemiology

Disease (correct)

Disorder

Symptom

Homeostasis only refers to the body's ability to maintain blood pressure.

False

What is the term for the science that deals with why, when, and where diseases occur?

Epidemiology

The body's internal environment is kept ______.

stable Signup and view all the answers

Match the following terms with their definitions:

Disorder = Any abnormality of structure or function Local disease = Affects one part or a limited region of the body Systemic disease = Affects the entire body or several parts of it Pharmacology = The science dealing with drug effects and treatment Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a subjective change in body functions?

Pain Signup and view all the answers

Osmoregulation is one of the processes that maintains homeostasis in the body.

True Signup and view all the answers

What can interfere with the body's drive to maintain homeostasis?

Poor health behavior Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of homeostasis in the body?

To maintain a stable internal environment Signup and view all the answers

Positive feedback mechanisms are more common than negative feedback mechanisms.

False Signup and view all the answers

What term describes a disturbance in homeostasis that results in disease?

Homeostatic imbalance Signup and view all the answers

The fluid located within cells is known as ______.

intracellular fluid Signup and view all the answers

Match the following feedback system components with their functions:

Receptor = Responds to stimuli and sends information to the control center Control Center = Analyzes information and determines appropriate response Effector = Provides means for response to the stimulus Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of negative feedback?

Reduces the intensity of the original stimulus Signup and view all the answers

Interstitial fluid is the fluid found within cells.

False Signup and view all the answers

Name one physiological condition where positive feedback is utilized.

Blood clotting Signup and view all the answers

Homeostasis involves a cycle of events monitored by a ______, which responds to stimuli.

receptor Signup and view all the answers

What happens when homeostasis is disrupted?

It leads to disease Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Learning Objectives

Understand how homeostasis is achieved within the body.
Differentiate between positive and negative feedback loop systems.
Recognize consequences of disturbed homeostasis.

Homeostasis

Derived from Greek terms meaning "standing still."
Refers to maintaining a stable internal environment, crucial for normal functioning and life.
Homeostatic imbalance leads to disturbances resulting in disease.

Body Fluids and Homeostasis

Intracellular fluid (ICF): fluid within cells; vital for cellular function.
Extracellular fluid (ECF): fluid outside cells, includes interstitial fluid that fills gaps between tissue cells.
Regulation of interstitial fluid is essential for maintaining the internal environment and occurs through capillary exchange.

Feedback Systems

Body uses neural and hormonal control systems for homeostasis.
Feedback systems monitor variables called controlled conditions, responding to fluctuations (stimuli).

Components of Feedback Systems

Receptor: detects changes (stimuli) and sends information to the control center.
Control Center: evaluates input, determines set point, and formulates responses.
Effector: carries out responses to restore balance.

Feedback Mechanisms

Negative Feedback:
- Most common; counteracts the original stimulus, reducing its intensity.
- Example: Thermoregulation acts like a home thermostat.
Positive Feedback:
- Amplifies the original stimulus, driving conditions further away from homeostasis.
- Occurs in processes like blood clotting and childbirth.

Homeostatic Imbalances

Proper health maintained through homeostasis; instability can result from environmental factors, behavior, and genetic makeup.
Poor health behaviors disrupt homeostasis, potentially leading to disorders, diseases, or death.

Definitions

Disorder: Any structural or functional abnormality.
Disease: Illness marked by distinct signs and symptoms.
- Symptoms: Subjective changes not visible to observers.
- Signs: Objective changes observed by clinicians.
Local Disease: Affects specific body regions.
Systemic Disease: Affects the entire body or multiple regions.

Additional Terminology

Epidemiology: Study of disease occurrence and transmission in populations.
Pharmacology: Science of drug effects and treatment applications.
Diagnosis: Distinguishing one disorder or disease from another based on signs and symptoms.

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Description

This quiz explores key concepts from Unit 1 of the Fundamentals of Infections and Diseases course at Sacred Heart School - Ateneo de Cebu. Test your knowledge on critical topics such as infection types, disease mechanisms, and principles of microbiology. Perfect for students aiming to understand the basics of infectious diseases.