Fundamentals of Food Science and Nutrition: Human Body Organization and Digestion

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What is the main function of the digestive system?

Respiratory functions

Storage abilities

Excretory functions

Digestion and absorption (correct)

Which of the following is NOT part of the digestive system?

Pancreas

Gallbladder

Stomach

Liver (correct)

What is the main role of the lymphatic system?

Storage abilities

Part of the immune system (correct)

Circulatory functions

Excretory functions

Which layer of tissue lines the lumen of the GI tract and is responsible for absorption?

Mucosa Signup and view all the answers

What are the end products of digestion absorbed by?

Mucosa Signup and view all the answers

What does the contraction of smooth muscles in the GI tract do?

Mixes food, breaks it into smaller particles, and propels it through the digestive tract Signup and view all the answers

What is responsible for protecting the GI tract?

Serosa Signup and view all the answers

Which organ is NOT a part of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT)?

Liver Signup and view all the answers

What is not absorbed and passes through GIT & excreted in feces?

Protein & fibre. Signup and view all the answers

Which organ systems contribute to circulatory functions in the body?

Cardiovascular + lymphatic organ systems. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary theme of human nutrition?

Understanding the metabolism of nutrients Signup and view all the answers

Which type of tissue is responsible for connecting and supporting other tissues in the body?

Connective tissue Signup and view all the answers

What are the 4 primary types of tissue in the human body?

Epithelial, connective, muscle, nervous Signup and view all the answers

What do all cells need to function properly?

Oxygen, water, building materials, and chemical regulators Signup and view all the answers

What is the smallest functional unit of the human body?

Cells Signup and view all the answers

What is the continuous supply of energy required by cellular processes and chemical reactions in the form of?

Dietary carbohydrates, protein & fat Signup and view all the answers

Which type of diseases are characterized by a slow onset and long duration?

Non-communicable diseases Signup and view all the answers

What is the main source of acute diseases according to the text?

Specific infectious agents Signup and view all the answers

According to the World Health Organization, what do people's health, growth, and development largely depend on?

Food choices Signup and view all the answers

What is the definition of chronic diseases according to the text?

Diseases that have a prolonged course and rarely achieve complete cure Signup and view all the answers

In terms of nutrition, what is more likely to affect the risk for developing chronic diseases?

Long-term poor nutrition status Signup and view all the answers

What are NCDs as defined in the lecture outline?

Conditions not resulting from an acute infectious process and hence are non-communicable Signup and view all the answers

What is the main characteristic of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) according to the text?

Non-contagious origin Signup and view all the answers

Which factor refers to the biochemical processes involved in the body's normal functioning?

Metabolic Signup and view all the answers

What risk factor can be estimated by measuring waist circumference?

Excess body fat Signup and view all the answers

Which condition occurs more frequently in obese individuals?

Respiratory problems Signup and view all the answers

What is the estimated sodium intake equivalent to 6-gram sodium chloride (1 teaspoon salt)?

2300 mg Signup and view all the answers

What is defined as having blood lipid levels that are too high?

Dyslipidemia Signup and view all the answers

Which risk factor is a behavioral risk factor that can be reduced or controlled by intervention?

Physical inactivity Signup and view all the answers

What is the classification for BMI (Body Mass Index) indicating overweight and obesity?

>25 kg/m2 Signup and view all the answers

"An aspect of personal behavior or lifestyle, an environmental exposure, or a hereditary characteristic that is associated with an increase in the occurrence of a particular disease, injury, or other health condition." This definition refers to:

"Risk factor" Signup and view all the answers

"Complex etiology (causes), multiple risk factors, and long latency period" are characteristics of:

"Non-communicable diseases" Signup and view all the answers