Questions and Answers
What term describes the study of drug dosage?
Which of the following is NOT a source of drug information?
Which branch of pharmacology studies the use of drugs?
What does pharmacodynamics describe?
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Which term is used for the list of conditions that warrant closer observation?
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What is the principle focus of toxicology in pharmacology?
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Which option correctly distinguishes between 'dose' and 'dosage'?
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What is Paracelsus known as in the field of pharmacology?
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What does the chemical name of a drug describe?
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Which of the following accurately describes trade names?
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Which of the following is a requirement established by the 1906 Pure Food And Drug Act?
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What is the primary role of drug standards?
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Which best describes a generic name?
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What is the primary purpose of the Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act of 1938?
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What does the Food Drug and Cosmetic Act primarily seek to ensure?
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What is the significance of the generic name of a drug?
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Which option best describes a drug under patent protection?
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What does accurate ingredient labeling help prevent?
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What change did the Drug Relation Act of 1992 bring about?
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What is a required element for all drug labels according to the Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act?
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Which act accelerated the review and use of new drugs?
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What must be present on certain drug preparations according to safety regulations?
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What was a key provision of the Durham-Humphrey Amendment?
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Which of the following is NOT a primary focus of the FDA?
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What is the primary purpose of the Nursing Practice Act related to drug administration?
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Which legal term describes giving the correct drug but by the wrong route resulting in client’s death?
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What does nonfeasance pertain to in the context of nursing practice?
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Which act aimed to shorten the development and marketing time for new drugs?
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What component is included in the provisions of the Nursing Practice Act to address drug abuse?
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What is required of drug companies regarding the discontinuation of drugs?
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What consequence may a nurse face for administering a drug without a physician's order in some states?
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What did the Kefauver-Harris Amendment specifically address?
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Which act was passed in response to the thalidomide tragedy of the 1950s?
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What type of drugs are known as 'off-label' drugs?
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Which of the following best describes the Nurse Practice Act?
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What is a potential legal consequence for a nurse who administers the wrong drug or dosage?
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What did the Controlled Substances Act focus on?
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Study Notes
Fundamental Concepts of Pharmacology
- Pharmacology studies the uses, effects, and actions of drugs on living organisms.
- Pharmacodynamics: Focuses on what the drug does to the body.
- Pharmacokinetics: Explores what the body does to the drug.
- Pharmacotherapeutics: Involves the clinical use of drugs for therapeutic effects.
- Toxicology: Examines the nature, effects, and detection of poisons.
- Cautions, Contraindications, and Interactions: These refer to conditions requiring careful observation, situations where drugs should not be given, and other substances that may alter drug effects.
Terminology in Pharmacology
- Paracelsus: Recognized as the Father of Pharmacology.
- Dose vs. Dosage: Dose refers to a specific quantity administered at one time (e.g., 500mg paracetamol), while dosage refers to the total amount over time (e.g., 500mg every three times a day).
- Drugs: Chemical substances affecting living organisms; includes therapeutic medicines used to treat diseases.
Drug Naming Conventions
- Chemical Name: Based on the drug’s molecular structure; exact formula described.
- Trade Name: Commercial name granted for marketing a drug in specific jurisdictions.
- Generic Name: Common or non-proprietary name representing a class or category of drugs.
Drug Information Sources
- Drug Handbooks, Physician Desk References (PDR), Packet Inserts, Nursing Journals, Medical Letters, MIMS (Monthly Index of Medical Specialties).
Drug Standards and Legislation
- Standards ensure uniform strength, quality, and purity of drugs.
- 1906 Pure Food and Drug Act: First attempt at consumer protection by establishing drug standards. Ensured accurate labeling and prohibited misbranding.
- FDA: Regulates drug approval and market presence, ensuring safety in drug production.
Significant Acts in Drug Regulation
- 1938 Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act: Aimed to prevent adulteration of drugs; mandates accurate labeling with generic names.
- 1952 Durham-Humphrey Amendment: Distinguishes between prescription and over-the-counter drugs; regulates refills of certain drugs.
- 1962 Kefauver-Harris Amendment: Established tighter drug safety regulations following the thalidomide tragedy, ensuring adverse reactions are labeled.
- 1970 Controlled Substances Act: Addressed drug abuse; established schedules for controlled substances.
- 1978 Drug Regulation Reform Act: Shortened development and marketing time for new drugs.
Nursing Practice Responsibilities
- State laws govern drug administration by nurses; typically cannot prescribe or administer without a provider’s order.
- Legal terms regarding drug administration errors:
- Misfeasance: Incorrect drug or dosage resulting in adverse outcomes.
- Nonfeasance: Omission of a required drug.
- Malfeasance: Correct drug given by incorrect route.
Recent Developments in Drug Regulation
- 1992 Drug Relation Act: Enhanced approval processes for drugs, particularly for AIDS and cancer treatments.
- 1997 Food and Drug Administration Modernization Act: Included provisions for accelerated review of new drugs and necessary data for drugs used in children.
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Description
This quiz covers essential topics in pharmacology, including pharmacodynamics, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacotherapeutics. It explores the effects of drugs on the body, the body's processing of drugs, and the clinical application of pharmacological knowledge. Test your understanding of key terms and concepts in this vital field.
