Fundamental Concepts of Pharmacology
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Questions and Answers

What term describes the study of drug dosage?

  • Pharmacodynamics
  • Posology (correct)
  • Pharmacokinetics
  • Pharmacotherapeutics

    • Which of the following is NOT a source of drug information?

  • Drug Handbook
  • Medical Encyclopedia (correct)
  • Nursing Journal
  • Physician Desk Reference (PDR)

    • Which branch of pharmacology studies the use of drugs?

  • Pharmacotherapeutics (correct)
  • Pharmacy
  • Pharmacodynamics
  • Toxicology

    • What does pharmacodynamics describe?

    <p>What the drug does to the body</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term is used for the list of conditions that warrant closer observation?

    <p>Caution</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the principle focus of toxicology in pharmacology?

    <p>The study of the effects of poisons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which option correctly distinguishes between 'dose' and 'dosage'?

    <p>Dose refers to quantity; dosage refers to time.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Paracelsus known as in the field of pharmacology?

    <p>The Father of Pharmacology</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the chemical name of a drug describe?

    <p>The scientific name based on its molecular structure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following accurately describes trade names?

    <p>Commercial names granted by authorities for marketing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a requirement established by the 1906 Pure Food And Drug Act?

    <p>All drugs must meet minimal standards of strength, purity, and quality</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of drug standards?

    <p>Ensuring that consumers receive drugs with uniform quality</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which best describes a generic name?

    <p>A name that refers to a genus of a drug</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of the Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act of 1938?

    <p>To establish safety standards for drugs, foods, and cosmetics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the Food Drug and Cosmetic Act primarily seek to ensure?

    <p>Consumer protection in drug and food products</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the generic name of a drug?

    <p>It is the legal name recognized by the FDA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which option best describes a drug under patent protection?

    <p>It can only be sold by the company holding the patent</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does accurate ingredient labeling help prevent?

    <p>Misbranding and adulteration of drugs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What change did the Drug Relation Act of 1992 bring about?

    <p>Accelerated approval rates for drugs treating AIDS and cancer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a required element for all drug labels according to the Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act?

    <p>The generic name of the drug</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which act accelerated the review and use of new drugs?

    <p>Food and Drug Administration Modernization Act of 1997</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What must be present on certain drug preparations according to safety regulations?

    <p>Warning labels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was a key provision of the Durham-Humphrey Amendment?

    <p>Differentiating prescription and over-the-counter medications</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a primary focus of the FDA?

    <p>Marketing strategies for pharmaceutical companies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of the Nursing Practice Act related to drug administration?

    <p>To enhance drug education and research</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which legal term describes giving the correct drug but by the wrong route resulting in client’s death?

    <p>Malfeasance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does nonfeasance pertain to in the context of nursing practice?

    <p>Omitting a drug dose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which act aimed to shorten the development and marketing time for new drugs?

    <p>Drug Regulation Reform Act of 1978</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What component is included in the provisions of the Nursing Practice Act to address drug abuse?

    <p>Supporting drug education and research</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is required of drug companies regarding the discontinuation of drugs?

    <p>They must inform health professionals and clients at least 6 months before stopping production.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What consequence may a nurse face for administering a drug without a physician's order in some states?

    <p>Their nursing license may be revoked.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did the Kefauver-Harris Amendment specifically address?

    <p>It tightened controls on drug safety and required adverse reactions to be labeled.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which act was passed in response to the thalidomide tragedy of the 1950s?

    <p>The Kefauver-Harris Amendment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of drugs are known as 'off-label' drugs?

    <p>Non-FDA approved drugs that can be prescribed.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the Nurse Practice Act?

    <p>A state-specific legislation regarding nursing and drug administration.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential legal consequence for a nurse who administers the wrong drug or dosage?

    <p>They could be prosecuted in civil court.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did the Controlled Substances Act focus on?

    <p>Preventing drug abuse and controlling drugs with potential for abuse.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Fundamental Concepts of Pharmacology

    • Pharmacology studies the uses, effects, and actions of drugs on living organisms.
    • Pharmacodynamics: Focuses on what the drug does to the body.
    • Pharmacokinetics: Explores what the body does to the drug.
    • Pharmacotherapeutics: Involves the clinical use of drugs for therapeutic effects.
    • Toxicology: Examines the nature, effects, and detection of poisons.
    • Cautions, Contraindications, and Interactions: These refer to conditions requiring careful observation, situations where drugs should not be given, and other substances that may alter drug effects.

    Terminology in Pharmacology

    • Paracelsus: Recognized as the Father of Pharmacology.
    • Dose vs. Dosage: Dose refers to a specific quantity administered at one time (e.g., 500mg paracetamol), while dosage refers to the total amount over time (e.g., 500mg every three times a day).
    • Drugs: Chemical substances affecting living organisms; includes therapeutic medicines used to treat diseases.

    Drug Naming Conventions

    • Chemical Name: Based on the drug’s molecular structure; exact formula described.
    • Trade Name: Commercial name granted for marketing a drug in specific jurisdictions.
    • Generic Name: Common or non-proprietary name representing a class or category of drugs.

    Drug Information Sources

    • Drug Handbooks, Physician Desk References (PDR), Packet Inserts, Nursing Journals, Medical Letters, MIMS (Monthly Index of Medical Specialties).

    Drug Standards and Legislation

    • Standards ensure uniform strength, quality, and purity of drugs.
    • 1906 Pure Food and Drug Act: First attempt at consumer protection by establishing drug standards. Ensured accurate labeling and prohibited misbranding.
    • FDA: Regulates drug approval and market presence, ensuring safety in drug production.

    Significant Acts in Drug Regulation

    • 1938 Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act: Aimed to prevent adulteration of drugs; mandates accurate labeling with generic names.
    • 1952 Durham-Humphrey Amendment: Distinguishes between prescription and over-the-counter drugs; regulates refills of certain drugs.
    • 1962 Kefauver-Harris Amendment: Established tighter drug safety regulations following the thalidomide tragedy, ensuring adverse reactions are labeled.
    • 1970 Controlled Substances Act: Addressed drug abuse; established schedules for controlled substances.
    • 1978 Drug Regulation Reform Act: Shortened development and marketing time for new drugs.

    Nursing Practice Responsibilities

    • State laws govern drug administration by nurses; typically cannot prescribe or administer without a provider’s order.
    • Legal terms regarding drug administration errors:
      • Misfeasance: Incorrect drug or dosage resulting in adverse outcomes.
      • Nonfeasance: Omission of a required drug.
      • Malfeasance: Correct drug given by incorrect route.

    Recent Developments in Drug Regulation

    • 1992 Drug Relation Act: Enhanced approval processes for drugs, particularly for AIDS and cancer treatments.
    • 1997 Food and Drug Administration Modernization Act: Included provisions for accelerated review of new drugs and necessary data for drugs used in children.

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    NCM-106a Module 1 PDF

    Description

    This quiz covers essential topics in pharmacology, including pharmacodynamics, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacotherapeutics. It explores the effects of drugs on the body, the body's processing of drugs, and the clinical application of pharmacological knowledge. Test your understanding of key terms and concepts in this vital field.

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