Podcast
Questions and Answers
The skeleton provides ______ and support for the body.
The skeleton provides ______ and support for the body.
structure
The ______ membrane produces synovial fluid and absorbs shock.
The ______ membrane produces synovial fluid and absorbs shock.
synovial
Ligaments connect ______ to ______.
Ligaments connect ______ to ______.
bone to bone
The ______ joints are found in the skull and mandible.
The ______ joints are found in the skull and mandible.
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Plasma is a liquid carrying ______ food, minerals, and hormones.
Plasma is a liquid carrying ______ food, minerals, and hormones.
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Red blood cells carry ______ and haemoglobin.
Red blood cells carry ______ and haemoglobin.
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The ______ of an artery wall is its thickness and elasticity.
The ______ of an artery wall is its thickness and elasticity.
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The ______ of blood vessels prevent backflow of blood.
The ______ of blood vessels prevent backflow of blood.
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Capillaries have ______ walls to allow for easy diffusion.
Capillaries have ______ walls to allow for easy diffusion.
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Oxygen-rich blood travels down the lungs to the ______.
Oxygen-rich blood travels down the lungs to the ______.
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Study Notes
Functions of the Skeleton
- Provides structure and support for the body
- Provides protection for organs
- Works with muscles to create movement
Joints and Their Functions
- Cartilage: smooth white tissue at the end of bones, absorbs shock
- Synovial membrane: absorbs shock, produces synovial fluid
- Synovial fluid: lubricant to reduce friction between bones
- Ligaments: connects bone to bone
- Tendons: connects muscle to muscle
- Antagonistic muscles: work in pairs, move opposite each other to create movement
Types of Joints
- Hinge joints: elbow, knee, ankle
- Ball and socket joints: hip, shoulder
- Fixed joints: skull, mandible
Functions of Blood Components
- Plasma: liquid carrying dissolved food, minerals, and hormones
- Red blood cells: carry oxygen and haemoglobin
- White blood cells: attack bacteria, produce antibodies
- Platelets: produce scabs when you are cut
Gas Exchange
- Oxygen-rich blood travels down the lungs to the alveoli
- Oxygen diffuses into the bloodstream through capillaries due to thin walls
- Oxygen-poor blood diffuses from capillaries into the alveoli to be breathed out
Blood Vessels
- Arteries: carry blood away from the heart, have thick muscular walls, elasticity, and are red
- Veins: have less pressure, thinner muscles, and thinner walls, carry deoxygenated blood back to the heart, have valves to prevent backflow
- Capillaries: have thin walls for nutrient and oxygen diffusion, smallest blood vessel
- Valves: prevent backflow of blood, ensure blood travels in the right direction
Respiratory System
- Trachea: allows air to flow into the lungs
- Cartilage rings: keep the trachea open
- Bronchi: branches leading from the trachea to bronchioles
- Bronchioles: pathways from bronchioles to alveoli
- Alveoli: site of gas exchange
- Diaphragm: muscle that expands and contracts to allow space for the lungs to expand and then forces air out of the lungs
Breathing and Respiration
- Breathing: air coming in and out of the lungs
- Respiration: energy being produced in cells
- Aerobic respiration equation: CO2 + glucose = H2O + CO2 (+38 ATP)
- Anaerobic respiration equation: glucose = lactic acid (+2 ATP)
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Description
This quiz covers the basic functions of the skeletal system, including providing structure and support, protection of organs, and movement. It also explores the components of joints, such as cartilage, synovial membrane, synovial fluid, ligaments, and tendons.
