2- physiology of pain

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What is the function of pain as described in the text?

To enhance disability

To prevent the body from further injury

To guide functional recovery

b and c (correct)

What does the 'P' in the P.A.I.N. assessment stand for?

Protective reflexes

Precautionary actions

Pattern (correct)

Preventive measures

What does the 'N' in the P.A.I.N. assessment stand for?

Natural remedies for pain

Neurological response to pain

Number of sites affected

Nature – Description of how the pain feels to the patient (correct)

What type of pain is characterized by burning, tingling, or 'pins and needles' sensation?

Neuropathic pain Signup and view all the answers

Which type of pain is caused by activation of peripheral nerve fibers by harmful noxious stimuli?

Nociceptive pain Signup and view all the answers

What initiates a complex series of physiologic and biochemical events responsible for transmission of signals to the CNS in acute inflammatory pain?

Tissue damage and noxious stimuli Signup and view all the answers

What initiates an 'action potential' and passes it along the trigeminal nerve pathways to the nucleus caudalis within the brain stem?

Stimulation of specific nociceptors Signup and view all the answers

Where do the action potentials traveling along primary nociceptor neurons transfer information through synapses?

To the spinothalamic and trigeminothalamic tracts Signup and view all the answers

What part of the nervous system is responsible for the 'reaction' component of pain?

Central Nervous System (CNS) Signup and view all the answers

Which type of sensation is primarily transmitted through the Spinothalamic Tract?

Pain and temperature Signup and view all the answers

What type of sensory information is NOT transmitted through the Posterior Column pathway?

Pain and temperature Signup and view all the answers

Which sensory pathway is responsible for transmitting information related to vibration and pressure?

Posterior Column Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the higher brain centers in response to noxious stimuli?

Process information about severity, duration, and location of stimuli Signup and view all the answers

Which type of nerve fibers are responsible for initiating escape responses in the cerebral cortex?

Light myelinated A-delta fibers Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes the pain carried along more diffuse pathways by smaller unmyelinated C fibers?

Secondary pain Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of endogenous morphine-like substances mentioned in the text?

Inhibit pain pathways via morphine receptors in the brain and spinal cord Signup and view all the answers

What influences the opening of the gate as per the Gate Control Theory mentioned in the text?

A-delta & C-fibers Signup and view all the answers

Which theory provides support for pain relief therapies' actions on different parts of the nervous system?

Gate Control Theory Signup and view all the answers

What aspect of pain perception is influenced by the individual's beliefs about pain?

Cognitive Signup and view all the answers

Which type of actions are taken to express or control pain according to the ABCs of Pain Perception?

Behavioral Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary evidence-based treatment for acute dental pain caused by inflammatory mediators?

Combination of NSAIDs and APAP Signup and view all the answers

In what circumstances should dental practitioners clarify preferred acute pain management strategies with the patient’s OMT provider or primary pain specialist?

When the patient has a history of opioid addiction Signup and view all the answers

Which category do patients fall into if they are opioid addicts in recovery receiving naltrexone therapy?

Opioid addicts in recovery receiving naltrexone therapy Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended approach for managing dental pain in patients receiving OMT?

Discussing preferred acute pain management strategies with the patient's OMT provider Signup and view all the answers

What is the suggested course of action in the event of respiratory depression in patients receiving OMT and opioids for acute pain?

Providing respiratory support instead of naloxone reversal treatment Signup and view all the answers

How should analgesics be scheduled for patients receiving OMT and requiring opioids for acute pain?

Scheduled around the clock to optimize pain control Signup and view all the answers

What is the potential risk associated with inadequate treatment of acute pain in patients receiving OMT?

Increased risk of physiologic withdrawal Signup and view all the answers

How should opioid doses be managed for patients receiving OMT and requiring opioids for acute pain?

Limited in quantity, with transition to NSAIDs or APAP as soon as possible Signup and view all the answers

What is the evidence-based approach to managing most dental pain in patients receiving OMT?

Effectively managing with NSAIDs or NSAIDs and APAP Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended time frame for discontinuing naltrexone therapy before planned surgical or interventional procedures requiring opioids?

72 hours Signup and view all the answers

What clinical dilemma do patients receiving depot naltrexone therapy pose when requiring high doses of opioids for pain management?

Risk of respiratory depression and oversedation Signup and view all the answers

Why do patients receiving depot naltrexone therapy need continuous respiratory monitoring when given high doses of opioids for analgesia?

Due to increased doses of opioids required to achieve adequate analgesia Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of naloxone?

To block or reverse the effects of opioids Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended dosage of Naloxone for intranasal administration using Narcan Nasal Spray?

4 mg Signup and view all the answers