2- physiology of pain
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Questions and Answers

What is the function of pain as described in the text?

  • To enhance disability
  • To prevent the body from further injury
  • To guide functional recovery
  • b and c (correct)

What does the 'P' in the P.A.I.N. assessment stand for?

  • Protective reflexes
  • Precautionary actions
  • Pattern (correct)
  • Preventive measures

What does the 'N' in the P.A.I.N. assessment stand for?

  • Natural remedies for pain
  • Neurological response to pain
  • Number of sites affected
  • Nature – Description of how the pain feels to the patient (correct)

What type of pain is characterized by burning, tingling, or 'pins and needles' sensation?

<p>Neuropathic pain (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of pain is caused by activation of peripheral nerve fibers by harmful noxious stimuli?

<p>Nociceptive pain (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What initiates a complex series of physiologic and biochemical events responsible for transmission of signals to the CNS in acute inflammatory pain?

<p>Tissue damage and noxious stimuli (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What initiates an 'action potential' and passes it along the trigeminal nerve pathways to the nucleus caudalis within the brain stem?

<p>Stimulation of specific nociceptors (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where do the action potentials traveling along primary nociceptor neurons transfer information through synapses?

<p>To the spinothalamic and trigeminothalamic tracts (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What part of the nervous system is responsible for the 'reaction' component of pain?

<p>Central Nervous System (CNS) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of sensation is primarily transmitted through the Spinothalamic Tract?

<p>Pain and temperature (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of sensory information is NOT transmitted through the Posterior Column pathway?

<p>Pain and temperature (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which sensory pathway is responsible for transmitting information related to vibration and pressure?

<p>Posterior Column (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the higher brain centers in response to noxious stimuli?

<p>Process information about severity, duration, and location of stimuli (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of nerve fibers are responsible for initiating escape responses in the cerebral cortex?

<p>Light myelinated A-delta fibers (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes the pain carried along more diffuse pathways by smaller unmyelinated C fibers?

<p>Secondary pain (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of endogenous morphine-like substances mentioned in the text?

<p>Inhibit pain pathways via morphine receptors in the brain and spinal cord (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What influences the opening of the gate as per the Gate Control Theory mentioned in the text?

<p>A-delta &amp; C-fibers (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which theory provides support for pain relief therapies' actions on different parts of the nervous system?

<p>Gate Control Theory (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What aspect of pain perception is influenced by the individual's beliefs about pain?

<p>Cognitive (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of actions are taken to express or control pain according to the ABCs of Pain Perception?

<p>Behavioral (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary evidence-based treatment for acute dental pain caused by inflammatory mediators?

<p>Combination of NSAIDs and APAP (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what circumstances should dental practitioners clarify preferred acute pain management strategies with the patient’s OMT provider or primary pain specialist?

<p>When the patient has a history of opioid addiction (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which category do patients fall into if they are opioid addicts in recovery receiving naltrexone therapy?

<p>Opioid addicts in recovery receiving naltrexone therapy (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended approach for managing dental pain in patients receiving OMT?

<p>Discussing preferred acute pain management strategies with the patient's OMT provider (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the suggested course of action in the event of respiratory depression in patients receiving OMT and opioids for acute pain?

<p>Providing respiratory support instead of naloxone reversal treatment (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How should analgesics be scheduled for patients receiving OMT and requiring opioids for acute pain?

<p>Scheduled around the clock to optimize pain control (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the potential risk associated with inadequate treatment of acute pain in patients receiving OMT?

<p>Increased risk of physiologic withdrawal (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How should opioid doses be managed for patients receiving OMT and requiring opioids for acute pain?

<p>Limited in quantity, with transition to NSAIDs or APAP as soon as possible (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the evidence-based approach to managing most dental pain in patients receiving OMT?

<p>Effectively managing with NSAIDs or NSAIDs and APAP (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended time frame for discontinuing naltrexone therapy before planned surgical or interventional procedures requiring opioids?

<p>72 hours (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What clinical dilemma do patients receiving depot naltrexone therapy pose when requiring high doses of opioids for pain management?

<p>Risk of respiratory depression and oversedation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why do patients receiving depot naltrexone therapy need continuous respiratory monitoring when given high doses of opioids for analgesia?

<p>Due to increased doses of opioids required to achieve adequate analgesia (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of naloxone?

<p>To block or reverse the effects of opioids (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended dosage of Naloxone for intranasal administration using Narcan Nasal Spray?

<p>4 mg (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential consequence if a patient takes a longer acting opioid after receiving naloxone?

<p>The patient may relapse (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which symptom is NOT associated with opioid overdose?

<p>Elevated body temperature (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common additional symptom of opioid overdose?

<p>Vomiting (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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