Medical Biology and Pain Management Quiz

<p>Spinal nerve radiculopathy (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Lidocaine (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Degrade proteins and polypeptide chains (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Adrenoleukodystrophy (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Process, package, and secrete proteins (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is involved in the production of corticosteroids and phospholipids. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cell division and intracellular transport (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>By using ATP to actively transport sodium out and potassium into the cell (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ribosomes (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Dizziness and weakness (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Stage IV (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Leave the patient in one position for comfort (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Bony prominences such as heels and sacrum (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Adiponectin (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Signals fullness (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Resistin (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hypertension and arteriosclerosis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A mediator that decreases insulin sensitivity (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increases both beneficial and harmful hormones (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It alters the perception of pain by afferent neurons. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It results from abnormal signals in the spinal cord or peripheral nerves. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Acute pain arises from new injuries, whereas chronic pain is linked to long-term conditions. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To generate pain independent of nociceptive stimulation. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pain felt in an amputated limb stemming from the brain's interpretation of nerve signals. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Personal experiences and emotional state. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It arises from actual tissue injury and serves a protective function. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It persists due to ongoing inflammation and does not fulfill protective purposes. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It serves as a primary processing area for incoming pain signals. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Genetic predispositions and chronic stress. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Necrosis causes inflammation, whereas Apoptosis does not. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hypertension can be caused by epithelial injury, atherosclerosis, and weakened arterial walls. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Lack of hormone production leads to reduced angiogenesis, which can contribute to heart disease. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Endothelin causes blood vessels to constrict, decreasing blood flow. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Decreased risk of stroke. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Diabetes can cause the endothelium to release endothelin, a powerful vasoconstrictor, contributing to atherosclerosis. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Introns are non-coding sections of DNA that are removed during RNA processing. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Genetics studies the inheritance of genes, while genomics studies the interaction of all genetic material within an organism. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Nucleotide is the basic unit of DNA consisting of a sugar, phosphate, and nitrogen base. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Cell structures that degrade proteins and polypeptides, important in muscle wasting conditions.

Organelles that degrade free radicals and long-chain fatty acids; dysfunction can lead to diseases.

Endoplasmic reticulum involved in lipid production including corticosteroids and phospholipids.

Endoplasmic reticulum with ribosomes that synthesizes proteins.

Processes and packages proteins, involved in hormone creation such as insulin.

The cell's command center that contains DNA and regulates activities.

Transport mechanism that maintains cell membrane potential using ATP; crucial for fluid balance.

The process of forming new blood vessels in the body.

A condition characterized by insufficient blood supply to tissues, often leading to damage.

Elevated blood pressure that can lead to serious health issues if untreated.

A group of diseases related to the heart and blood vessels, leading to complications.

Programmed cell death that occurs naturally without causing inflammation.

Unplanned cell death caused by factors like injury or stress, leading to tissue damage.

A potent vasoconstrictor produced by endothelial cells that narrows blood vessels.

Apoptosis is natural cell death, while necrosis is unplanned and leads to inflammation.

The basic building block of DNA, comprising a sugar, phosphate, and nitrogen base.

A drop in blood pressure when standing, causing dizziness or weakness.

The increased danger of falling due to dizziness or weakness.

Persistent skin redness without skin breakdown.

Loss of epidermal or dermal layers, with blisters or abrasions.

Deterioration of layers below the dermis, exposing fat.

Complete loss of skin thickness down to muscle or bone.

Patients must be rotated and evaluated every 2 hours.

Areas most likely to develop pressure ulcers, such as heels or elbows.

Fat cells that secrete hormones affecting metabolism.

A hormone that regulates appetite and energy expenditure.

Controlled substances that relieve pain but may cause euphoria and sedation.

Medications like acetaminophen and NSAIDs used for pain relief without addictive properties.

Pain caused by tumors affecting surrounding structures or by treatments like chemotherapy.

A condition where spinal nerves are compressed, often causing pain that radiates down the legs.

Nerve damage due to high glucose levels, affecting both sensory and motor functions.

The process of nerve impulses carrying pain signals from injury site to the brain.

The impact of interneurons on pain signals, either amplifying or dampening pain experience.

The conscious awareness and interpretation of pain, influenced by personal experiences and mental state.

Pain that feels as though it is coming from a limb that has been amputated, reported in 70% of amputees.

A theory suggesting that pain is generated from a body-self neuromatrix in the brain, independent of physical injury.

A sudden pain typically lasting hours to days due to tissue injury or inflammation, resolving with healing.

Pain lasting longer than 6 months, often due to persistent inflammation, with no useful biological function.

Pain caused by injury to nerves, characterized by sensations like burning or tingling; can occur randomly.

Pain resulting from tissue injury that signals damage, typically providing an important protective function.

Includes acute, chronic, and neuropathic pain, each differing in cause, duration, and sensation.