Medical Biology and Pain Management Quiz

Cell structures that degrade proteins and polypeptides, important in muscle wasting conditions.

Organelles that degrade free radicals and long-chain fatty acids; dysfunction can lead to diseases.

Endoplasmic reticulum involved in lipid production including corticosteroids and phospholipids.

Endoplasmic reticulum with ribosomes that synthesizes proteins.

Processes and packages proteins, involved in hormone creation such as insulin.

The cell's command center that contains DNA and regulates activities.

Transport mechanism that maintains cell membrane potential using ATP; crucial for fluid balance.

The process of forming new blood vessels in the body.

A condition characterized by insufficient blood supply to tissues, often leading to damage.

Elevated blood pressure that can lead to serious health issues if untreated.

A group of diseases related to the heart and blood vessels, leading to complications.

Programmed cell death that occurs naturally without causing inflammation.

Unplanned cell death caused by factors like injury or stress, leading to tissue damage.

A potent vasoconstrictor produced by endothelial cells that narrows blood vessels.

Apoptosis is natural cell death, while necrosis is unplanned and leads to inflammation.

The basic building block of DNA, comprising a sugar, phosphate, and nitrogen base.

A drop in blood pressure when standing, causing dizziness or weakness.

The increased danger of falling due to dizziness or weakness.

Persistent skin redness without skin breakdown.

Loss of epidermal or dermal layers, with blisters or abrasions.

Deterioration of layers below the dermis, exposing fat.

Complete loss of skin thickness down to muscle or bone.

Patients must be rotated and evaluated every 2 hours.

Areas most likely to develop pressure ulcers, such as heels or elbows.

Fat cells that secrete hormones affecting metabolism.

A hormone that regulates appetite and energy expenditure.

Controlled substances that relieve pain but may cause euphoria and sedation.

Medications like acetaminophen and NSAIDs used for pain relief without addictive properties.

Pain caused by tumors affecting surrounding structures or by treatments like chemotherapy.

A condition where spinal nerves are compressed, often causing pain that radiates down the legs.

Nerve damage due to high glucose levels, affecting both sensory and motor functions.

The process of nerve impulses carrying pain signals from injury site to the brain.

The impact of interneurons on pain signals, either amplifying or dampening pain experience.

The conscious awareness and interpretation of pain, influenced by personal experiences and mental state.

Pain that feels as though it is coming from a limb that has been amputated, reported in 70% of amputees.

A theory suggesting that pain is generated from a body-self neuromatrix in the brain, independent of physical injury.

A sudden pain typically lasting hours to days due to tissue injury or inflammation, resolving with healing.

Pain lasting longer than 6 months, often due to persistent inflammation, with no useful biological function.

Pain caused by injury to nerves, characterized by sensations like burning or tingling; can occur randomly.

Pain resulting from tissue injury that signals damage, typically providing an important protective function.

Includes acute, chronic, and neuropathic pain, each differing in cause, duration, and sensation.