Functions of Ovaries

Which tissue is involved in the synthesis of all three forms of estrogen (E1, E2, and E3)?

Which enzyme complex is responsible for the aromatization of androgens in the synthesis of estrogens?

From which androgen is Estradiol (E2) synthesized?

Which hormone is produced in significant amounts by the peripheral aromatization of androgens?

Which specific tissue is NOT mentioned as a site for peripheral estrogen synthesis?

Which hormone is responsible for the estrogen synthesis during pregnancy?

Functions of Ovaries

Ovaries perform two main functions: producing female sex hormones and female germ cells (ova).
Female sex hormones synthesized by ovaries include estrogens and progesterone.

Synthesis of Ovarian Hormones

Estrogens are a family of hormones synthesized in various tissues, including ovaries, peripheral tissues, and placenta during pregnancy.
Three main types of estrogens are:
- Estradiol (E2), the main estrogen, synthesized by ovaries and peripheral tissues.
- Estrone (E1), synthesized by ovaries and peripheral tissues.
- Estriol (E3), synthesized during pregnancy from the placenta and during metabolism of E2 and E1.
Peripheral tissues involved in estrogen synthesis include adipose cells, liver, brain, skin, and other tissues.
The pathway for ovarian estrogen synthesis (E2 and E1) is similar to testicular androgen synthesis, with additional aromatization reactions.
Estradiol is formed from the aromatization of testosterone.
Estrone results from the aromatization of androstenedione.
Peripheral aromatization of androgens by aromatase enzyme complex in peripheral tissues produces significant amounts of estrogens.

Learn about the two main functions of ovaries, including the production of female sex hormones and female germ cells, and the synthesis of estrogen hormones.