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Questions and Answers
What is the primary function of fat as an energy source in the body?
What is the primary function of fat as an energy source in the body?
What is the role of lipids in the nervous system?
What is the role of lipids in the nervous system?
What is the primary function of lipids in cell membranes?
What is the primary function of lipids in cell membranes?
Which of the following is NOT a function of lipids in food?
Which of the following is NOT a function of lipids in food?
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What is the primary function of adipose tissue in the body?
What is the primary function of adipose tissue in the body?
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What is the role of lipids in the synthesis of hormones?
What is the role of lipids in the synthesis of hormones?
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What is the energy density of fat in the body?
What is the energy density of fat in the body?
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What is the primary function of lipids in the regulation of appetite?
What is the primary function of lipids in the regulation of appetite?
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What is the role of lipids in the absorption of fat-soluble vitamins?
What is the role of lipids in the absorption of fat-soluble vitamins?
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What is the primary function of lipids in cooking?
What is the primary function of lipids in cooking?
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Study Notes
Carbohydrates: Key Facts
- Ribose is a carbohydrate component of DNA; keratin is found in fingernails.
- Glycoproteins are crucial for blood clotting and immunological functions.
- Soluble fiber promotes bowel movements, prevents constipation, lowers cholesterol, delays gastric emptying, and can affect blood glucose levels.
- Sources of carbohydrates include staples, vegetables, fruits, and legumes.
Carbohydrate Classifications
- Simple sugars consist of monosaccharides (e.g., glucose, fructose) and disaccharides (e.g., sucrose, lactose) along with polyols (e.g., sorbitol).
- Oligosaccharides (3-9 units) include maltodextrins, while polysaccharides (≥10 units) cover starches.
Terms Related to Carbohydrates
- Total sugars refer to all sugars present in food, while intrinsic and extrinsic sugars differentiate between naturally occurring and added sugars.
- Glycaemic carbohydrates raise blood sugar, and the glycaemic index measures blood glucose response to carbohydrate intake.
Human Carbohydrate Needs
- Minimum carbohydrate intake to prevent ketosis is 50g/day; total requirement for red blood cells, kidneys, and brain is 180g.
- Pregnant and lactating women need at least 100g/day.
- Carbohydrates should constitute 45-65% of total daily caloric intake, including recommendations for fiber intake.
Caloric Value & Metabolism of Carbohydrates
- Traditional caloric value is 4kcal/g, with monosaccharides providing 3.4kcal/g.
- Resistant starch is less efficiently metabolized, yielding 2kcal/g.
Proteins: Key Facts
- Proteins are macronutrients made of amino acids, vital for cell structure and function.
- They play roles in forming nucleotides, energy transduction, neurotransmission, membrane structures, and cellular replication.
Functions of Proteins
- Provide structural support and protective barriers (e.g., skin, keratin).
- Enable transport/communication (e.g., plasma proteins, hormones).
- Involved in enzymatic functions within metabolic pathways.
Human Protein Needs
- Proteins are necessary for tissue growth, nitrogen balance, immune function, and energy provision.
- They regulate body functions, maintaining fluid and pH balance.
Sources & Classifications of Proteins
- Animal sources include meat and dairy; plant sources include legumes and grains.
- Proteins are classified as complete (high quality, containing all essential amino acids) or incomplete (lacking one or more essential amino acids).
Essential and Non-Essential Amino Acids
- Essential amino acids must be acquired through diet, while non-essential ones can be synthesized by the body.
Lipids: Functions and Importance
- Fats transport fat-soluble vitamins, cushion organs, insulate the body, and serve as a significant energy source.
- Lipids act as emulsifying agents, enhance food texture, and provide lubrication while contributing to satiety.
- Energy storage occurs via triacylglycerols, primarily stored in adipose tissues, with additional reserves in the liver and muscles.
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Description
Test your knowledge of the functions and sources of soluble fiber, including its role in promoting laxation, preventing constipation, and reducing cholesterol levels. Learn about the importance of soluble fiber in the diet and its various sources.
