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Questions and Answers

What distinguishes a function from a general relation?

  • A relation allows for unique elements in both the domain and range.
  • A function maps each element of the domain to multiple elements of the range.
  • A function maps each element of the domain to exactly one element of the range. (correct)
  • A function can map elements of the range back to any element in the domain.

What is required for a function to have an inverse that is also a function?

  • The function must be a one-to-many relation.
  • The function must be linear in nature.
  • The function must have multiple outputs for some inputs.
  • The function must be one-to-one and injective. (correct)

How is the graph of an inverse function related to the graph of the original function?

  • It is rotated 90 degrees clockwise.
  • It is identical to the original function's graph.
  • It has the same slope but opposite direction.
  • It is a reflection across the line y = x. (correct)

Which statement is true regarding a one-to-one function?

<p>Every vertical line intersects the graph at most once. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the first step in finding the inverse function of a given function f?

<p>Interchange x and y in the equation. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the notation f^{-1}(x) signify?

<p>The inverse function of f(x). (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of functions, what does 'many-to-one' imply?

<p>Multiple elements in the domain map to the same element in the range. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is a one-to-many relation not classified as a function?

<p>Because it violates the rule of having a unique output for each input. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the horizontal line test determine about a function?

<p>If every horizontal line intersects the graph at most once. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following conditions must be met for the inverse of the quadratic function $ y = ax^2 $ to be a function?

<p>The function must have a restriction on its domain. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between the domain of a function and the range of its inverse?

<p>The domain of the original function becomes the range of the inverse. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If the base $ b $ in an exponential function $ f(x) = b^x $ is greater than 1, what is the behavior of the graph?

<p>It will increase as x increases. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the range of the exponential function $ y = b^x $ when $ b > 1 $?

<p>$ y &gt; 0 $ (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the shape of the graph of the logarithmic function $ y = ext{log}_b x $?

<p>It is increasing. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of logarithms in finance?

<p>They help determine the loan repayment schedule. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What occurs at $ x = 0 $ in the graph of the logarithmic function?

<p>It has a vertical asymptote. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about the function $ f(x) = 10^x $ is true?

<p>It has an intercept at (0, 1). (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characteristic does a one-to-one function possess?

<p>Each element of the domain maps to exactly one unique element of the range. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the first step in finding the inverse of a function defined by the equation $y = f(x)$?

<p>Interchange $x$ and $y$. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a requirement for a function to have an inverse that is also a function?

<p>The function must be defined for all real numbers. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does it mean if a function is described as 'many-to-one'?

<p>A unique output corresponds to multiple inputs. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which scenario can a relation be classified as a function?

<p>If every element in set A maps to one element in set B. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the graphical representation of an inverse function exhibit?

<p>It is symmetrical about the line $y = x$. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements is true regarding inverse functions?

<p>If $f(x)$ is not one-to-one, $f^{-1}(x)$ cannot be uniquely defined. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What describes the concept of many-to-one in relation to functions?

<p>A horizontal line intersects the graph more than once. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the first step to find the inverse of a linear function?

<p>Interchange $x$ and $y$. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

For the quadratic function $y = ax^2$, what is the required action to find its inverse?

<p>Interchange $y$ and $x$ and solve for $y$. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the domain restriction for the inverse of $y = ax^2$ when $a > 0$?

<p>$x ext{ must be greater than or equal to } 0$ (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about the graph of the logarithmic function $y = ext{log}_b x$ is correct?

<p>It has a vertical asymptote at $x = 0$. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the range of the exponential function $f(x) = b^x$ when $b > 1$?

<p>$y &gt; 0$ (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What condition must be met for $y = ax^2$ to provide an inverse function?

<p>A domain restriction must be applied. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the Product Rule of logarithms?

<p>$ ext{log}_a(xy) = ext{log}_a x + ext{log}_a y$ (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of applying the Change of Base formula $ ext{log}_a x = rac{ ext{log}_b x}{ ext{log}_b a}$$?

<p>It allows logarithms to be calculated with any base. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If a population triples in size, how is this represented mathematically using the growth formula?

<p>$3P = P(1 + i)^n$ (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the point $(0, 1)$ in the graph of the exponential function $y = b^x$?

<p>It's the y-intercept of the function. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the formula for $ an(eta + heta)$ based on compound angles?

<p>$ rac{ an eta + an heta}{1 - an eta an heta}$ (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following correctly represents the derivation of $ an(eta - heta)$?

<p>$ rac{ an eta - an heta}{1 + an eta an heta}$ (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which compound angle identity is correctly stated?

<p>$ an( heta + eta) = rac{ an heta + an eta}{1 - an heta an eta}$ (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is $ ext{sin}(2 heta)$ expressed using the double angle formula?

<p>$2 ext{sin}( heta) ext{cos}( heta)$ (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the expression for $ ext{cos}(2 heta)$ according to the double angle formulas?

<p>$ ext{cos}^2( heta) - ext{sin}^2( heta)$ (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which identity for $ ext{sin}( heta - eta)$ is accurately given?

<p>$ ext{sin} heta ext{cos} eta - ext{cos} heta ext{sin} eta$ (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the identity $ ext{cos}( heta + eta)$ simplify to?

<p>$ ext{cos} heta ext{cos} eta + ext{sin} heta ext{sin} eta$ (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which double angle formula does the term $2$ appear only once?

<p>$2 ext{sin}( heta) ext{cos}( heta)$ (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the formula for the sine of a double angle?

<p>2 an heta rac{1}{ an heta} (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many different forms can the cosine of a double angle be represented in?

<p>Three (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When using the cosine rule to find a side length, what is required?

<p>At least one angle and two non-included sides (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is NOT part of the general solution method for solving trigonometric equations?

<p>Graph the functions for visual analysis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which rule should be applied when two angles and a non-included side are provided?

<p>Sine Rule (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the variable 'k' represent in general solutions of trigonometric equations?

<p>Integer representing multiples of the period (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following represents the area of a triangle using two sides and the included angle?

<p>Area = $bc \sin A$ (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If you have the equation $ an \theta = x$, what is the general solution for $ heta$?

<p>$\theta = \tan^{-1} x + k \cdot 180^\circ$ (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following does NOT conditionally allow the use of the Sine Rule?

<p>Given two angles and two sides (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main requirement for using the Cosine Rule effectively?

<p>The included angle must be known (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What action should follow after determining the reference angle in solving trigonometric equations?

<p>Set up a CAST diagram (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is not represented by the formula $a^2 = b^2 + c^2 - 2bc \cos A$?

<p>The area of triangle ABC (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the sine of an angle directly used for in the area rule?

<p>Calculating the vertical height directly (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the common difference in the arithmetic sequence where the first term is 3 and the second term is 7?

<p>2 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Using Karl Friedrich Gauss's method, what is the sum of the first 100 positive integers?

<p>5050 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which formula accurately represents the sum of a finite arithmetic series when the last term is known?

<p>$S_n = rac{n}{2} (a + l)$ (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If the first term of an arithmetic series is 5 and the common difference is 3, what is the 10th term in the series?

<p>35 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the formula for the sum of a finite arithmetic series if both the first term and the common difference are negative?

<p>It can either be positive or negative based on the number of terms. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the common difference in an arithmetic sequence?

<p>The constant value added to each term (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which formula correctly calculates the n-th term of an arithmetic sequence?

<p>$T_n = a + d(n - 1)$ (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If the first term of an arithmetic sequence is 4 and the common difference is 3, what is the third term?

<p>13 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How can you determine if a sequence is arithmetic?

<p>Check if the difference between consecutive terms is constant (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does it mean if the common difference (d) in an arithmetic sequence is negative?

<p>The sequence will decrease (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the arithmetic mean of the numbers 8 and 12?

<p>10 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If a sequence starts with 5 and has a common difference of 2, which of the following is a term of that sequence?

<p>13 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is the graphical representation of an arithmetic sequence characterized?

<p>It shows a straight line (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the formula for the $n$-th term of a geometric sequence?

<p>$T_n = ar^{n-1}$ (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What condition must the common ratio $r$ satisfy for an infinite geometric series to converge?

<p>$-1 &lt; r &lt; 1$ (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How can one verify if a sequence is geometric?

<p>Calculate the ratio between consecutive terms. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Given a geometric sequence with first term $a$ and common ratio $r$, what is the formula for the sum of the first $n$ terms?

<p>$S_n = rac{a(1 - r^n)}{1 - r}$ (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If the common ratio $r$ in a geometric sequence is greater than 1, what behavior does the sequence exhibit?

<p>The sequence grows exponentially. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What represents the geometric mean of two numbers $a$ and $b$?

<p>$ ext{Geometric Mean} = ext{sqrt}(ab)$ (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In sigma notation, what does the symbol $ u$ denote?

<p>The index of summation. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What formula is used for the sum $S_ heta$ of an infinite geometric series with first term $a$ and common ratio $r$?

<p>$S_ heta = rac{a}{1 - r}$ (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these statements about series is correct?

<p>A series can be infinite, summing an infinite number of terms. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes the growth pattern of a geometric sequence when $0 < r < 1$?

<p>The terms decrease exponentially. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary characteristic of an infinite series?

<p>It sums to a finite value if convergent. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct form of the finite geometric series when $r eq 1$?

<p>$S_n = rac{a(1 - r^n)}{1 - r}$ (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the terms of a geometric sequence when $r < 0$?

<p>The terms alternate in sign. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In sigma notation, what do the limits of summation represent?

<p>The starting and ending indices for the summation. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main characteristic that distinguishes a one-to-one function from a many-to-one function?

<p>Each input corresponds to one unique output. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a necessary step in finding the inverse of the function when given the equation $y = f(x)$?

<p>Swap the roles of $x$ and $y$ in the equation. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How can graphical symmetry be used to identify the inverse of a function?

<p>By observing reflection across the line $y = x$. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does it mean for a function to be a one-to-one relation in terms of its inverse?

<p>The inverse function is also a function. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement best describes the meaning of the notation $f^{-1}(x)$?

<p>The inverse function of $f(x)$. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of relations, why is a one-to-many relation not considered a function?

<p>It implies at least one input has multiple outputs. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What property must a function possess for its inverse to also be a function?

<p>It must be a one-to-one function. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When analyzing the graphical representation of functions, what indicates a many-to-one relationship?

<p>Different inputs yield the same output (same $y$-value). (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What must be true for a quadratic function's inverse to also be a function?

<p>The quadratic function must have a restricted domain. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the inverse of the linear function given by the equation $f(x) = 2x + 3$?

<p>$f^{-1}(x) = \frac{1}{2}(x - 3)$ (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of applying the Change of Base formula?

<p>$\log_a x = \frac{\log_b x}{\log_b a}$ (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements is true regarding the graph of the exponential function $f(x) = b^x$?

<p>The graph approaches the x-axis as $x$ approaches negative infinity. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the inverse of the exponential function $y = 2^x$?

<p>$y = ext{log}_2 x$ (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the appropriate domain restriction for the inverse of the function $y = -x^2$?

<p>$x &lt; 0$ (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If a function's graph intersects every horizontal line at most once, what type of function is it classified as?

<p>One-to-One (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the range of the logarithmic function $y = ext{log}_b x$?

<p>$y ext{ can be any real number}$ (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which property of logarithms states that $\log_a(xy) = \log_a x + \log_a y$?

<p>Product Rule (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When applying logarithms to solve for time in population growth, which formula is typically used?

<p>$A = P(1 + i)^n$ (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the horizontal asymptote of the exponential function indicate?

<p>The function approaches zero as $x$ approaches negative infinity. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

For the function $y = 3x^2$, what is the domain restriction necessary for the inverse to be defined as a function?

<p>$x ext{ must be greater than or equal to } 0$ (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the graph of the inverse function when reflecting the original function about the line $y = x$?

<p>The slopes of the original and inverse functions are swapped. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If the logarithmic function is $y = ext{log}_3(x)$, what is the correct logarithmic value when $x = 9$?

<p>2 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the formula $A = P(1 + i)^n$ represent?

<p>Accumulated amount with compound interest (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is the time period $n$ calculated in compound interest?

<p>$n = rac{ ext{log} rac{A}{P}}{ ext{log}(1 + i)}$ (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of interest is applied to an annuity for accumulation over time?

<p>Compound interest (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of a future value annuity (FVA)?

<p>To accumulate a sum of money in the future (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of investment analysis, what does simple depreciation measure?

<p>Reduction in asset value over time using a linear method (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following correctly states the concept of effective interest rates?

<p>It accounts for compounding within the stated interest rate. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the variable $i$ in the nominal and effective interest rates formula represent?

<p>Period interest rate (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following correctly represents the formula for compound depreciation?

<p>$A = P(1 - i)^n$ (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the present value of an annuity formula help calculate?

<p>The current value of a series of future payments (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the future value of an annuity formula, what does the variable 'n' represent?

<p>Total number of payments (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which formula would you use to calculate the future value of an annuity?

<p>$ FV = P \frac{(1 + i)^n - 1}{i} $ (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the key difference between simple and compound interest?

<p>Simple interest does not take interest into account for future calculations. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

To calculate the payment amount for a future value annuity, which formula is used?

<p>$ x = \frac{F \cdot i}{(1 + i)^n - 1} $ (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the formula for present value of an annuity calculate?

<p>Initial investment required for a loan (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the term 'compound interest'?

<p>Interest calculated on both the initial principal and the accumulated interest. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of loan balance calculation, what does the variable 'P_balance' represent?

<p>Remaining loan balance (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'total interest paid' represent in financial analysis?

<p>The difference between the total amount paid and the principal amount borrowed. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which formula is used to calculate the effective annual rate (EAR) of an investment?

<p>$ EAR = (1 + \frac{i_{nominal}}{m})^m - 1 $ (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the variable 'x' indicate in the future value of an annuity formula?

<p>Payment amount per period (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which formula is used to calculate the total amount paid over the course of an annuity?

<p>$ T = n \times x $ (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is the present value of an annuity directly related to loan repayments?

<p>It provides the current worth of multiple future payments to pay off a debt. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the loan balance formula, what does 'n_remaining' represent?

<p>Number of payments remaining to be made on the loan (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which formula represents the identity for $\ \cos(\alpha + \beta)$?

<p>$\cos \alpha \cos \beta - \sin \alpha \sin \beta$ (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct expression for \sin(\alpha - \beta)?

<p>\sin \alpha \cos \beta - \cos \alpha \sin \beta (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is \cos(\alpha - \beta) derived using the distance formula?

<p>By manipulating the distance equation to show angular relationships (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which identity corresponds to \sin(\alpha + \beta)?

<p>\sin \alpha \cos \beta + \cos \alpha \sin \beta (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the cosine identity \cos(\alpha - \beta), what trigonometric functions are combined?

<p>Cosine of both angles and sine of both angles (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the negative angle identity in the derivation of \cos(\alpha + \beta)?

<p>To rewrite \cos(-\beta) in terms of \cos \beta (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which formula correctly represents the relationship of \cos(\alpha) and \sin(\beta) for deriving \sin(\alpha - \beta)?

<p>\cos(90^{\circ} - \alpha)\cos \beta - \sin(90^{\circ} - \alpha)\sin \beta (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about the derivation of \sin(\alpha + \beta) is accurate?

<p>It uses the same principles as \sin(\alpha - \beta) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct expression for sine of a double angle?

<p>$2 , ext{sin} , heta , ext{cos} , heta$ (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following expressions is NOT a valid form of the cosine of a double angle?

<p>$ ext{cos} heta + ext{sin} heta$ (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When would you apply the Sine Rule in triangle calculations?

<p>When one side and two opposite angles are known (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The general solution for the equation $ ext{sin} heta = x$ includes which of the following expressions?

<p>$ heta = 360^ ext{o} - ext{sin}^{-1}(x) + k imes 360^ ext{o}$ (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the cosine rule, which expression correctly relates the sides of a triangle?

<p>$a^2 = b^2 + c^2 - 2bc ext{cos} A$ (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of finding the height of a pole using trigonometric functions, which formula applies?

<p>$h = d an eta$ (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is used to determine the quadrants for solutions when using the CAST diagram?

<p>Reference angles (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct formula for the area of triangle ABC when two sides and the included angle are known?

<p>$ ext{Area} = rac{1}{2} ab ext{sin} C$ (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In solving trigonometric equations, which of these is NOT a step in the general solution method?

<p>Determining the domain of the solution (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which trigonometric identity describes the relationship between angle addition and sine?

<p>$ ext{sin}( heta + eta) = ext{sin} heta ext{cos} eta + ext{cos} heta ext{sin} eta$ (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements is true regarding cosine double angle formulas?

<p>It has multiple forms representing the same value. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which formula would you use to find the angle in a triangle given two sides and the included angle?

<p>Cosine Rule (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers
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