Functionalism in Psychology: Characteristics and Evolution
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Questions and Answers

What was the primary goal of functionalism in psychology?

  • To understand how the mind and behavior work in support of one adjusting to the environment (correct)
  • To understand the structure of the mind
  • To identify the elements of consciousness
  • To develop a pure science of psychology

    • Who was a prominent figure that influenced the development of functionalism in psychology?

  • Wilhelm Wundt
  • John B. Watson
  • Sigmund Freud
  • William James (correct)

    • What was a key characteristic of functional psychology that differentiated it from structuralism?

  • A focus on the elements of consciousness
  • A focus on the structure of the mind
  • A focus on the role of the unconscious mind
  • A focus on the function of the mind rather than its contents (correct)

    • What was the primary research tool used in structuralism?

    <p>Introspection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was a common theme among functional psychologists?

    <p>A rejection of the search for elements of consciousness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the main difference between structuralism and functionalism in terms of their goals?

    <p>Structuralism focused on description, while functionalism focused on application</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was a characteristic of functional psychology in terms of its scope?

    <p>It broadened research to include animals, children, and 'abnormal humans'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the primary concern of functional psychologists in terms of motivation?

    <p>Understanding the why of mental processes and behavior</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the primary focus of psychology during the U.S. Renaissance period?

    <p>Emphasizing individual differences and adaptation to the environment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who is associated with the school of Functionalism in psychology?

    <p>William James</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what stage did psychology become its own discipline in the U.S.?

    <p>Stage two: Intellectual Philosophy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the primary disagreement between Intellectual Philosophers in the U.S.?

    <p>Whether sensory information could be accepted at face value</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the emphasis of Commonsense philosophy in the U.S.?

    <p>The trustworthiness of feelings of others</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the focus of psychology during the period of Moral and mental philosophy?

    <p>Developing moral and scientific laws</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the primary competition to Functionalism in early U.S. psychology?

    <p>Structuralism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During what stage did psychology begin to leave the realm of philosophy and establish itself as a separate discipline?

    <p>Stage two: Intellectual Philosophy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main idea of Functionalism in the context of psychology?

    <p>Adapting to the environment through perception and behavior</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who is credited with promoting maze studies in the context of space perception?

    <p>Edward Lee Thorndike</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the theory developed by Edward Lee Thorndike, which explains how children make deductions about the beliefs of others?

    <p>Theory of the Mind</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who was the first woman to receive a doctoral degree in psychology and became the 2nd female president of the APA?

    <p>Margaret Flow Washburn</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the study of animals to learn about humans, which was a major area of research by Margaret Flow Washburn?

    <p>Comparative Psychology</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the theory developed by Edward Lee Thorndike, which explains how learning occurs through association between stimulus and responses?

    <p>Connectionism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the application of psychological principles in various aspects of life, such as education and government?

    <p>Applied Psychology</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who is credited with introducing evolutionary theory into psychology?

    <p>William James</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the device developed by Edward Lee Thorndike to study trial and error learning?

    <p>Puzzle Box</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of Functionalism in psychology?

    <p>Understanding the function and purpose of mental processes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who is known for his work on the psychology of religion and developmental psychology?

    <p>Granville Stanley Hall</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the James-Lange Theory of Emotion?

    <p>Emotions result from bodily reactions to an event</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who founded the first psychological laboratory in the United States?

    <p>Granville Stanley Hall</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of John Dewey's work in psychology?

    <p>Understanding the function and purpose of behavior</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who was the first African American to obtain a PhD in psychology?

    <p>Francis Cecil Sumner</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the theory that states that ideas of actions cause those actions to occur?

    <p>Ideo-Motor Theory of Behavior</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What motivated William James to pursue psychology instead of medicine?

    <p>Health concerns and depression</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the main difference between William James' approach and Titchener's structuralism?

    <p>Focus on consciousness versus elements of thought</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the core idea of William James' pragmatism?

    <p>An idea is valid if it is practical and works</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to William James, what is the role of consciousness in human behavior?

    <p>It is a selective and functional aid to adaptation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did William James propose as the key to developing good habits?

    <p>Complete and immediate engagement with positive habits</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why did William James' ideas compete with Wundt's for influence in the field of psychology?

    <p>Because they were both trying to establish themselves as the leading voice in psychology</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the significance of William James' essay on free will?

    <p>It changed James' perspective on depression and led to his development of pragmatism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the main difference between instincts and habits, according to William James?

    <p>Instincts are fixed, while habits are learned</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was Margaret Flow Washburn's area of research?

    <p>Comparative psychology</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of Edward Lee Thorndike's theory that explains how learning occurs through association between stimulus and responses?

    <p>Connectionism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of James McKeen Cattell's research?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main idea of Harvey Carr's mental activity?

    <p>The acquisition, fixation, retention, organization, and evaluation of experiences and their subsequent utilization in the guidance of conduct</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the application of psychological principles in various aspects of life, such as education and government?

    <p>Applied psychology</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was Edward Lee Thorndike's idea about intelligence?

    <p>It is highly heritable</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main idea of the law of effect?

    <p>Behaviors followed by satisfying results are most likely to be repeated</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was Harvey Carr's contribution to the field of psychology?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main idea of Edward Lee Thorndike's connectionism theory?

    <p>Learning occurs through association between stimulus and responses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was James McKeen Cattell's research focus on?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the core idea of functionalism in psychology?

    <p>To understand the function and purpose of mental processes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was Hugo Munsterberg's approach to treating abnormal behavior?

    <p>He expected his patients to improve through reciprocal antagonism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was William James' view on free will?

    <p>He believed that free will was emotionally satisfying</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the primary focus of Edward Bradford Titchener's work?

    <p>He focused on the use of introspection to understand mental processes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was Mary Whiton Calkins' contribution to psychology?

    <p>She was the first woman to teach experimental psychology</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the primary difference between William James' approach and Titchener's structuralism?

    <p>James believed that behavior causes ideas, while Titchener believed that ideas cause behavior</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was Hugo Munsterberg's contribution to psychology?

    <p>He applied psychological principles to legal matters and industry</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the primary goal of functionalism in psychology?

    <p>To understand the function and purpose of mental processes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was William James' view on truth?

    <p>Truth must be gauged by its effectiveness in real-world situations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the significance of Hugo Munsterberg's work?

    <p>He was a pioneer in the field of forensic psychology</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary research area of Margaret Flow Washburn?

    <p>Study of animals to learn about humans</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the theory developed by Edward Lee Thorndike that explains how learning occurs through association between stimulus and responses?

    <p>Connectionism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of James McKeen Cattell's research?

    <p>Reaction time and psychophysics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary idea of Harvey Carr's mental activity?

    <p>The acquisition and utilization of experiences in guidance of conduct</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who is credited with promoting maze studies in the context of space perception?

    <p>Harvey Carr</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the application of psychological principles in various aspects of life, such as education and government?

    <p>Applied Psychology</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary idea of the law of effect?

    <p>Behaviors followed by mostly satisfying results are most likely to establish patterns</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary area of research that Edward Lee Thorndike pioneered?

    <p>Educational practices and psychometrics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary idea of Margaret Flow Washburn's motor theory of consciousness?

    <p>A thought or consciousness can be seen in bodily movements</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who was the 2nd female president of the American Psychological Association (APA)?

    <p>Margaret Flow Washburn</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of Hugo Munsterberg's work?

    <p>Understanding abnormal behavior and developing forensic psychology</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the core idea of William James' pragmatism?

    <p>Any belief or thought must be judged by its consequences</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of Mary Whiton Calkins' contribution to psychology?

    <p>Conducting original research on the paired-associate technique</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the focus of Edward Bradford Titchener's work?

    <p>The study of mental elements and their combination</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary difference between William James' approach and Titchener's structuralism?

    <p>James believed that behavior causes ideas, while Titchener believed that ideas cause behavior</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of Hugo Munsterberg's approach to treating abnormal behavior?

    <p>He believed that abnormal behavior could be treated through reciprocal antagonism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of functionalism in psychology?

    <p>To apply psychological principles in various aspects of life</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the core idea of functionalism in the context of psychology?

    <p>The application of psychological principles in various aspects of life</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of William James' view on free will?

    <p>He believed that free will was emotionally satisfying</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of Edward Bradford Titchener's research?

    <p>The study of mental elements and their combination</p> Signup and view all the answers

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