80 Questions
What was the primary goal of functionalism in psychology?
To understand how the mind and behavior work in support of one adjusting to the environment
Who was a prominent figure that influenced the development of functionalism in psychology?
William James
What was a key characteristic of functional psychology that differentiated it from structuralism?
A focus on the function of the mind rather than its contents
What was the primary research tool used in structuralism?
Introspection
What was a common theme among functional psychologists?
A rejection of the search for elements of consciousness
What was the main difference between structuralism and functionalism in terms of their goals?
Structuralism focused on description, while functionalism focused on application
What was a characteristic of functional psychology in terms of its scope?
It broadened research to include animals, children, and 'abnormal humans'
What was the primary concern of functional psychologists in terms of motivation?
Understanding the why of mental processes and behavior
What was the primary focus of psychology during the U.S. Renaissance period?
Emphasizing individual differences and adaptation to the environment
Who is associated with the school of Functionalism in psychology?
William James
In what stage did psychology become its own discipline in the U.S.?
Stage two: Intellectual Philosophy
What was the primary disagreement between Intellectual Philosophers in the U.S.?
Whether sensory information could be accepted at face value
What was the emphasis of Commonsense philosophy in the U.S.?
The trustworthiness of feelings of others
What was the focus of psychology during the period of Moral and mental philosophy?
Developing moral and scientific laws
What was the primary competition to Functionalism in early U.S. psychology?
Structuralism
During what stage did psychology begin to leave the realm of philosophy and establish itself as a separate discipline?
Stage two: Intellectual Philosophy
What is the main idea of Functionalism in the context of psychology?
Adapting to the environment through perception and behavior
Who is credited with promoting maze studies in the context of space perception?
Edward Lee Thorndike
What is the name of the theory developed by Edward Lee Thorndike, which explains how children make deductions about the beliefs of others?
Theory of the Mind
Who was the first woman to receive a doctoral degree in psychology and became the 2nd female president of the APA?
Margaret Flow Washburn
What is the term for the study of animals to learn about humans, which was a major area of research by Margaret Flow Washburn?
Comparative Psychology
What is the name of the theory developed by Edward Lee Thorndike, which explains how learning occurs through association between stimulus and responses?
Connectionism
What is the term for the application of psychological principles in various aspects of life, such as education and government?
Applied Psychology
Who is credited with introducing evolutionary theory into psychology?
William James
What is the name of the device developed by Edward Lee Thorndike to study trial and error learning?
Puzzle Box
What is the primary focus of Functionalism in psychology?
Understanding the function and purpose of mental processes
Who is known for his work on the psychology of religion and developmental psychology?
Granville Stanley Hall
What is the James-Lange Theory of Emotion?
Emotions result from bodily reactions to an event
Who founded the first psychological laboratory in the United States?
Granville Stanley Hall
What is the primary focus of John Dewey's work in psychology?
Understanding the function and purpose of behavior
Who was the first African American to obtain a PhD in psychology?
Francis Cecil Sumner
What is the name of the theory that states that ideas of actions cause those actions to occur?
Ideo-Motor Theory of Behavior
What motivated William James to pursue psychology instead of medicine?
Health concerns and depression
What was the main difference between William James' approach and Titchener's structuralism?
Focus on consciousness versus elements of thought
What was the core idea of William James' pragmatism?
An idea is valid if it is practical and works
According to William James, what is the role of consciousness in human behavior?
It is a selective and functional aid to adaptation
What did William James propose as the key to developing good habits?
Complete and immediate engagement with positive habits
Why did William James' ideas compete with Wundt's for influence in the field of psychology?
Because they were both trying to establish themselves as the leading voice in psychology
What was the significance of William James' essay on free will?
It changed James' perspective on depression and led to his development of pragmatism
What was the main difference between instincts and habits, according to William James?
Instincts are fixed, while habits are learned
What was Margaret Flow Washburn's area of research?
Comparative psychology
What is the name of Edward Lee Thorndike's theory that explains how learning occurs through association between stimulus and responses?
Connectionism
What is the primary focus of James McKeen Cattell's research?
All of the above
What is the main idea of Harvey Carr's mental activity?
The acquisition, fixation, retention, organization, and evaluation of experiences and their subsequent utilization in the guidance of conduct
What is the term for the application of psychological principles in various aspects of life, such as education and government?
Applied psychology
What was Edward Lee Thorndike's idea about intelligence?
It is highly heritable
What is the main idea of the law of effect?
Behaviors followed by satisfying results are most likely to be repeated
What was Harvey Carr's contribution to the field of psychology?
All of the above
What is the main idea of Edward Lee Thorndike's connectionism theory?
Learning occurs through association between stimulus and responses
What was James McKeen Cattell's research focus on?
All of the above
What is the core idea of functionalism in psychology?
To understand the function and purpose of mental processes
What was Hugo Munsterberg's approach to treating abnormal behavior?
He expected his patients to improve through reciprocal antagonism
What was William James' view on free will?
He believed that free will was emotionally satisfying
What was the primary focus of Edward Bradford Titchener's work?
He focused on the use of introspection to understand mental processes
What was Mary Whiton Calkins' contribution to psychology?
She was the first woman to teach experimental psychology
What was the primary difference between William James' approach and Titchener's structuralism?
James believed that behavior causes ideas, while Titchener believed that ideas cause behavior
What was Hugo Munsterberg's contribution to psychology?
He applied psychological principles to legal matters and industry
What was the primary goal of functionalism in psychology?
To understand the function and purpose of mental processes
What was William James' view on truth?
Truth must be gauged by its effectiveness in real-world situations
What was the significance of Hugo Munsterberg's work?
He was a pioneer in the field of forensic psychology
What is the primary research area of Margaret Flow Washburn?
Study of animals to learn about humans
What is the name of the theory developed by Edward Lee Thorndike that explains how learning occurs through association between stimulus and responses?
Connectionism
What is the primary focus of James McKeen Cattell's research?
Reaction time and psychophysics
What is the primary idea of Harvey Carr's mental activity?
The acquisition and utilization of experiences in guidance of conduct
Who is credited with promoting maze studies in the context of space perception?
Harvey Carr
What is the term for the application of psychological principles in various aspects of life, such as education and government?
Applied Psychology
What is the primary idea of the law of effect?
Behaviors followed by mostly satisfying results are most likely to establish patterns
What is the primary area of research that Edward Lee Thorndike pioneered?
Educational practices and psychometrics
What is the primary idea of Margaret Flow Washburn's motor theory of consciousness?
A thought or consciousness can be seen in bodily movements
Who was the 2nd female president of the American Psychological Association (APA)?
Margaret Flow Washburn
What is the primary focus of Hugo Munsterberg's work?
Understanding abnormal behavior and developing forensic psychology
What is the core idea of William James' pragmatism?
Any belief or thought must be judged by its consequences
What is the significance of Mary Whiton Calkins' contribution to psychology?
Conducting original research on the paired-associate technique
What is the focus of Edward Bradford Titchener's work?
The study of mental elements and their combination
What is the primary difference between William James' approach and Titchener's structuralism?
James believed that behavior causes ideas, while Titchener believed that ideas cause behavior
What is the significance of Hugo Munsterberg's approach to treating abnormal behavior?
He believed that abnormal behavior could be treated through reciprocal antagonism
What is the primary goal of functionalism in psychology?
To apply psychological principles in various aspects of life
What is the core idea of functionalism in the context of psychology?
The application of psychological principles in various aspects of life
What is the significance of William James' view on free will?
He believed that free will was emotionally satisfying
What is the primary focus of Edward Bradford Titchener's research?
The study of mental elements and their combination
Explore the school of functionalism in psychology, its evolution, and characteristics. Learn how functionalism differs from structuralism and its focus on practicality and individual adjustment to the environment.
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