Functional Movement Changes
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Questions and Answers

Which term refers to objective findings of pathology determined by physical examination?

  • Primary effects
  • Secondary effects
  • Symptoms
  • Signs (correct)

    • Which term refers to musculoskeletal changes that result from a primary CNS lesion?

  • Symptoms
  • Primary effects
  • Signs
  • Secondary effects (correct)

    • Abnormal motor behaviors associated with primary impairments can be described in terms of intensity. Which term refers to overactive behaviors?

  • Motor weakness
  • Abnormal muscle tone
  • Negative signs and symptoms
  • Positive signs and symptoms (correct)

    • Which area(s) of the CNS are responsible for motor planning or execution?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which school is the presenter from?

    <p>School of Exercise Science, Sport &amp; Health 2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of understanding physiology and pathophysiology of motor control?

    <p>To work with neurological clients with movement problems</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are constraints in the context of movement?

    <p>Physiological barriers or other restrictions or limitations that shape or influence the motor pattern or outcome of movement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a common effect of pathology within the motor cortex?

    <p>Problems with muscle synergies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a typical effect of lesions within subcortical regions?

    <p>Loss of muscle tone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can impairments within higher cortical association areas affect movement?

    <p>Personality, emotion, behavior, and/or cognition changes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of dysarthria?

    <p>Decreased muscle strength</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the major effects of cerebellar lesions on movement control?

    <p>Ataxia, hypotonia, and dysdiadochokinesia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the broad effects of basal ganglia lesions on movement control?

    <p>Hyperkinesis and hypokinesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the secondary musculoskeletal effects of primary motor impairments?

    <p>Muscle atrophy and contractures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a potential complication associated with spinal cord injury?

    <p>Muscle spasms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of autonomic dysreflexia?

    <p>It primarily occurs in individuals with a spinal cord injury below T6</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a potential effect of spinal cord injury on pulmonary function?

    <p>Decreased aerobic exercise capacity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which region of the spinal cord is connected to a specific area of the periphery by axons traveling through a pair of spinal nerves?

    <p>Cervical region</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'myotome' refer to?

    <p>Muscles innervated by axons from a single spinal segment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the area of skin innervated by axons from a single spinal segment?

    <p>Dermatome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the classification of a spinal cord injury based on the preservation or absence of sensory or motor function below the level of the lesion?

    <p>Complete or incomplete lesion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a primary feature of spinal cord injury?

    <p>Complete severance of the spinal cord</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the general complications associated with spinal cord injury?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a classification of spinal cord injury?

    <p>Segmental injury</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which level of spinal cord injury is characterized by normal motor function in the head, neck, shoulders, arms, hands, and fingers, as well as increased use of rib and chest muscles or trunk control?

    <p>Level T2-T6</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which incomplete lesion syndrome is generally very rare and results from compression by a tumor or infarction of the posterior spinal artery?

    <p>Posterior cord syndrome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common cause of anterior cord syndrome?

    <p>Cervical flexion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which level of spinal cord injury is characterized by the ability to perform unsupported seated activities and the possibility of limited walking with extensive bracing (requires extremely high energy and can lead to damage of upper joints)?

    <p>Level L1-L5</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which age group has the highest occurrence of traumatic spinal cord injury?

    <p>15-24 years old</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of newly reported spinal cord injury cases are non-traumatic?

    <p>20%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the estimated lifetime cost of spinal cord injury per incidence of paraplegia?

    <p>$5 million</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which region of the spinal cord is responsible for sensory-motor integration and reflex production?

    <p>Grey matter</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which age group has the highest occurrence of traumatic spinal cord injuries?

    <p>15-24 years</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Approximately what percentage of newly reported spinal cord injury cases are non-traumatic?

    <p>20%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the estimated lifetime cost of spinal cord injury per incidence of tetraplegia?

    <p>$9.5 million</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the spinal cord?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

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