18 Questions
What are the subtypes of functional constipation?
The subtypes of functional constipation are slow transit, normal transit, and dyssynergic defecation.
How is slow-transit constipation defined?
Slow-transit constipation is defined as the delayed passage of fecal contents through the colon based on objective transit testing.
What is dyssynergic defecation?
Dyssynergic defecation refers to difficulty with or inability to expel stool due to abnormalities in contraction and/or relaxation of the muscles of the pelvic floor during defecation.
Why is it recommended for all patients with PSC without known IBD to have colonoscopy with biopsies at the time of PSC diagnosis?
To check for the presence of IBD
What are the common colonoscopy findings in patients with PSC and IBD?
Mild pancolitis with rectal sparing and backwash ileitis
Why is surveillance colonoscopy with biopsies recommended every 1 to 2 years for patients with PSC and IBD?
Due to the higher risk for colon cancer in these patients
What is the recommended surveillance for cholangiocarcinoma in patients with PSC?
Annual or biannual magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) and measurement of the carbohydrate antigen 19-9 level
What is the lifetime risk for cholangiocarcinoma in patients with PSC?
15%
What diagnostic tests are recommended for cholangiocarcinoma surveillance in patients with PSC?
MRCP and measurement of the carbohydrate antigen 19-9 level
What are the three criteria required for the diagnosis of acute pancreatitis?
(1) acute-onset abdominal pain characteristic of pancreatitis, (2) serum lipase or amylase levels elevated at least three times the upper limit of normal, and (3) characteristic imaging findings
How much should the serum lipase or amylase levels be elevated for the diagnosis of acute pancreatitis?
at least three times the upper limit of normal
What is the characteristic imaging finding required for the diagnosis of acute pancreatitis?
Characteristic imaging findings
Who should be screened for Barrett esophagus according to the given criteria?
Individuals with gastroesophageal reflux disease symptoms for 5 years or more and three or more risk factors (male sex, age >50 years, White race, obesity, tobacco use, and family history of Barrett esophagus or esophageal adenocarcinoma in a first-degree relative)
What are the risk factors that warrant screening for Barrett esophagus?
Male sex, age >50 years, White race, obesity, tobacco use, and family history of Barrett esophagus or esophageal adenocarcinoma in a first-degree relative
For how long should individuals with gastroesophageal reflux disease symptoms be experiencing the symptoms to warrant screening for Barrett esophagus?
5 years or more
What is the recommended initial therapy for patients with ulcerative proctitis?
5-aminosalicylate suppositories
What type of 5-ASA therapy is superior for inducing remission in patients with left-sided or extensive ulcerative colitis?
Combined 5-ASA therapy (oral and topical)
What is the role of 5-aminosalicylates in maintaining remission in ulcerative proctitis?
Effective in maintaining remission
Test your knowledge of functional constipation subtypes including slow-transit, normal-transit, and dyssynergic defecation. Learn about the definitions and characteristics of each subtype.
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