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Questions and Answers
What is a primary characteristic of osteoarthritic hips?
What is a primary characteristic of osteoarthritic hips?
What is the main initial site of damage in rheumatoid arthritis?
What is the main initial site of damage in rheumatoid arthritis?
What is a common cause of osteonecrosis in children aged 3 to 9?
What is a common cause of osteonecrosis in children aged 3 to 9?
How does osteonecrosis affect the femoral head?
How does osteonecrosis affect the femoral head?
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What happens to joint cartilage in advanced rheumatoid arthritis?
What happens to joint cartilage in advanced rheumatoid arthritis?
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What is the primary cause of pain in the early stages of arthritis?
What is the primary cause of pain in the early stages of arthritis?
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Which bursa is the largest in the hip region?
Which bursa is the largest in the hip region?
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What condition may occur due to inflammation of the trochanteric bursa?
What condition may occur due to inflammation of the trochanteric bursa?
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Which bursa communicates with the cavity of the hip joint?
Which bursa communicates with the cavity of the hip joint?
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What characterizes osteoarthritis in relation to joint cartilage?
What characterizes osteoarthritis in relation to joint cartilage?
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Which bursa could become inflamed due to friction from activities like biking?
Which bursa could become inflamed due to friction from activities like biking?
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What results from the development of bony spurs in osteoarthritis?
What results from the development of bony spurs in osteoarthritis?
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During which stage of arthritis does the pain primarily arise from mechanical friction?
During which stage of arthritis does the pain primarily arise from mechanical friction?
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Which of the following statements about hip replacement is true?
Which of the following statements about hip replacement is true?
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What primarily causes inflammation in arthritis?
What primarily causes inflammation in arthritis?
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What type of joint is the hip joint classified as?
What type of joint is the hip joint classified as?
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What is the primary function of the iliofemoral ligament?
What is the primary function of the iliofemoral ligament?
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Which muscle is primarily responsible for hip flexion?
Which muscle is primarily responsible for hip flexion?
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Which of the following types of fractures is commonly associated with the femoral neck?
Which of the following types of fractures is commonly associated with the femoral neck?
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What condition is characterized by an inability to abduct the thigh due to a shallow acetabulum?
What condition is characterized by an inability to abduct the thigh due to a shallow acetabulum?
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What is a common result of posterior hip dislocation?
What is a common result of posterior hip dislocation?
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What arteries are primarily responsible for supplying the femoral head?
What arteries are primarily responsible for supplying the femoral head?
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What type of arthritis is commonly associated with the hip joint?
What type of arthritis is commonly associated with the hip joint?
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What is the most significant consequence of femoral neck fractures?
What is the most significant consequence of femoral neck fractures?
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What is the primary role of the transverse acetabular ligament?
What is the primary role of the transverse acetabular ligament?
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Which nerve is NOT involved in the innervation of the hip joint?
Which nerve is NOT involved in the innervation of the hip joint?
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Which of the following ligaments helps prevent hyperabduction of the hip?
Which of the following ligaments helps prevent hyperabduction of the hip?
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What is the role of the ligament of the head of the femur?
What is the role of the ligament of the head of the femur?
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Study Notes
Functional & Applied Anatomy of the Hip Joint
- The hip joint is a ball-and-socket synovial joint.
- It supports body weight and is crucial for locomotion.
- The head of the femur fits deeply into the acetabulum, a deep socket in the pelvic bone.
- This deep insertion yields a wide range of movement but sacrifices some stability.
- Strong & stable construction of the hip joint; a substantial force needed to cause injury.
- Major trauma can result in dislocation, fracture, and damage to joint surfaces and related structures.
Pelvic Girdle
- The pelvic girdle comprises three bones: ilium, ischium, and pubis.
- These bones fuse to form the innominate (hip) bone.
- The acetabulum is formed by the fusion of these three bones.
Proximal Femur Anatomy
- The proximal femur includes the femoral head, neck, greater trochanter, and lesser trochanter.
- The femoral neck is a common site of fracture.
- The intertrochanteric crest is another site of fracture.
Acetabulum Anatomy
- The acetabulum is a cup-shaped socket on the pelvic bone.
- Fibrocartilage, also known as the acetabular labrum, deepens the socket and adds stability.
- The acetabular fossa is a depression in the acetabulum,
- The acetabular foramen is a hole in the acetabulum.
- There's a transverse acetabular ligament and other supporting ligaments & structures that help maintain stability.
Articular Capsule & Ligaments
- The strong & dense articular capsule is attached around the acetabulum and the femoral head.
- Strong reinforcing ligaments (iliofemoral, ischiofemoral, and pubofemoral) stabilize the joint and limit excessive movement.
Capsular Ligaments
- The iliofemoral ligament is the most potent and stabilises the hip in the upright position.
- The pubofemoral and ischiofemoral ligaments limit movements like hyperextension and hyperabduction.
Major Movements by Muscles
- Hip movements are facilitated by various muscle groups.
- Flexors: iliopsoas, rectus femoris, sartorius, tensor fasciae latae
- Adductors: adductor magnus, adductor longus, gracilis
- Extensors: gluteus maximus, biceps femoris, hamstring muscles.
- Lateral rotators: piriformis, superior gemellus, inferior gemellus, quadratus femoris
- Abductors: gluteus maximus, gluteus medius, gluteus minimus
Nerve Supply
- The femoral nerve (L2, L3, L4) and obturator nerve (L2, L3, L4) innervate the structures in the hip region.
- The superior gluteal nerve & sciatic nerve also are important players in innervation.
Blood Supply
- The hip joint receives blood from the medial and lateral circumflex femoral arteries, the obturator artery, and the deep artery of the thigh.
- These arteries supply the femoral head and neck to ensure blood flow to the important ligaments and bones in the joint.
Common Disorders
- Hip dislocations (congenital or acquired).
- Femoral neck fractures.
- Trochanteric fractures.
- Bursitis.
- Arthritis (osteoarthritis or rheumatoid arthritis).
- Osteonecrosis.
Hip Dislocations (Congenital)
- Congenital hip dislocations (CDH) are relatively common, with a higher occurrence in females.
- Factors can include shallow acetabulum or improper positioning of the femoral head within the acetabulum.
Hip Dislocations (Acquired)
- Acquired hip dislocations are uncommon because of strong and stable articulation.
- A forceful collision or trauma, especially during a car accident where the knee hits the dashboard, can force the femur posteriorly.
Femoral Neck Fractures
- Disruption to the blood supply to the head of the femur can lead to serious issues.
- Common in older adults due to weakened bones from osteoporosis.
- Trauma from impacts (especially in young individuals) can cause fractures.
Hip Replacements
- Some cases necessitate hip replacement surgeries.
Hip Bursae
- Several bursae surrounding the hip joint play vital roles in reducing friction and absorbing shock. Key bursae include trochanteric bursa, iliopectineal bursa, and ischiogluteal bursa, and they can become inflamed leading to bursitis conditions.
Hip Joint Disease
- Arthritis (inflammation of the joint) involves damage to cartilage and is common in the hip region.
- Osteoarthritis involves bony spurs (osteophytes), cartilage damage, and a narrowed joint space.
- Rheumatoid arthritis starts in the synovium and leads to damage of bone and cartilage.
- Osteonecrosis is a disease caused by blood loss to the femoral head, leading to its demise.
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Description
This quiz covers the functional and applied anatomy of the hip joint and pelvic girdle. Learn about the structure, movement capabilities, and potential injuries associated with the hip joint, as well as the anatomy of the proximal femur. Ideal for students studying human anatomy or related fields.
