Function of Kidneys and their Role in Regulation

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What is one of the functions of the kidney?

Producing insulin

Storing excess glucose

Synthesizing vitamin C

Regulating blood pressure (correct)

What is excreted by the kidneys?

Hemoglobin

Excess iron

Bilirubin (correct)

Vitamin D

What is the function of the proximal convoluted tubule?

Reabsorbing all sodium and water

Producing urea

Reabsorbing glucose, lactate, and amino acids (correct)

Secreting excess potassium

What is the primary active transport mechanism for sodium in the kidneys?

Active transport via basolateral Na+-K+ pump (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone is produced by the kidneys?

Erythropoietin (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the Na+-K+ pumps in the cells of the proximal tubule?

To extrude Na+ into the surrounding interstitial fluid (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of the electrical gradient created by the accumulation of NaCl in the interstitial fluid surrounding the epithelial cells?

Passive transport of Cl- toward the higher Na+ concentration (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the salt and water reabsorbed from the tubular fluid in the proximal tubule?

To be returned to the blood via surrounding peritubular capillaries (B) Signup and view all the answers

How are nutrients like glucose and amino acids transported into the cells of the proximal tubule?

Active transport with Na+ Cations (D) Signup and view all the answers

What drives the passive paracellular diffusion of urea in the proximal tubule?

Chemical gradient (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the kidneys?

Regulation of body fluid composition and volume (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the proximal convoluted tubule in the kidney?

Reabsorption of all glucose, lactate, and amino acids in the filtrate (A) Signup and view all the answers

What drives the reabsorption of nearly all uric acid and about half of the urea in the proximal tubule?

Primary active transport via basolateral Na+-K+ pump (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is excreted by the kidneys?

Urea and bilirubin (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main role of the Na+-K+ pump in the cells of the proximal tubule?

Setting up an electrochemical gradient for passive solute diffusion (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which statement accurately reflects the role of the kidneys in metabolism?

Role in gluconeogenesis and synthesis of creatine and arginine (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of the Na+-K+ pumps located in the cells of the proximal tubule?

To extrude Na+ into the surrounding interstitial fluid (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the driving force for the passive transport of Cl- in the proximal tubule?

Sodium concentration gradient (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of the accumulation of NaCl in the interstitial fluid surrounding the epithelial cells of the proximal tubule?

Creation of an osmotic gradient between the tubular fluid and the interstitial fluid (B) Signup and view all the answers

How are nutrients like glucose and amino acids transported into the cells of the proximal tubule?

Secondary active transport linked to H+ secretion and Na+ reabsorption (B) Signup and view all the answers

What drives the passive paracellular diffusion of urea in the proximal tubule?

Chemical gradient (B) Signup and view all the answers

What happens as a result of the electrical gradient created by the accumulation of NaCl in the interstitial fluid surrounding the epithelial cells?

Passive transport of Cl- toward higher Na+ concentration (B) Signup and view all the answers

What drives the osmosis of water from the tubular fluid into the epithelial cells of the proximal tubule?

Osmotic gradient created by NaCl accumulation (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is returned to the blood after being reabsorbed from the tubular fluid in the proximal tubule?

$Glucose$ and $Amino$ $acids$ (A) Signup and view all the answers

What consumes a significant amount of ATP produced by tubular cells in the kidneys?

$H$+ -ATPase and $Na^+/K^+$-ATPase active pump mechanisms (D) Signup and view all the answers

Function of Kidneys and their Role in Regulation

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Questions and Answers

What is one of the functions of the kidney?

What is excreted by the kidneys?

What is the function of the proximal convoluted tubule?

What is the primary active transport mechanism for sodium in the kidneys?

Which hormone is produced by the kidneys?

What is the main function of the Na+-K+ pumps in the cells of the proximal tubule?

What is the result of the electrical gradient created by the accumulation of NaCl in the interstitial fluid surrounding the epithelial cells?

What is the role of the salt and water reabsorbed from the tubular fluid in the proximal tubule?

How are nutrients like glucose and amino acids transported into the cells of the proximal tubule?

What drives the passive paracellular diffusion of urea in the proximal tubule?

What is the primary function of the kidneys?

What is the role of the proximal convoluted tubule in the kidney?

What drives the reabsorption of nearly all uric acid and about half of the urea in the proximal tubule?

Which of the following is excreted by the kidneys?

What is the main role of the Na+-K+ pump in the cells of the proximal tubule?

Which statement accurately reflects the role of the kidneys in metabolism?

What is the primary role of the Na+-K+ pumps located in the cells of the proximal tubule?

What is the driving force for the passive transport of Cl- in the proximal tubule?

What is the result of the accumulation of NaCl in the interstitial fluid surrounding the epithelial cells of the proximal tubule?

How are nutrients like glucose and amino acids transported into the cells of the proximal tubule?

What drives the passive paracellular diffusion of urea in the proximal tubule?

What happens as a result of the electrical gradient created by the accumulation of NaCl in the interstitial fluid surrounding the epithelial cells?

What drives the osmosis of water from the tubular fluid into the epithelial cells of the proximal tubule?

What is returned to the blood after being reabsorbed from the tubular fluid in the proximal tubule?

What consumes a significant amount of ATP produced by tubular cells in the kidneys?

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