25 Questions
What is one of the functions of the kidney?
Regulating blood pressure
What is excreted by the kidneys?
Bilirubin
What is the function of the proximal convoluted tubule?
Reabsorbing glucose, lactate, and amino acids
What is the primary active transport mechanism for sodium in the kidneys?
Active transport via basolateral Na+-K+ pump
Which hormone is produced by the kidneys?
Erythropoietin
What is the main function of the Na+-K+ pumps in the cells of the proximal tubule?
To extrude Na+ into the surrounding interstitial fluid
What is the result of the electrical gradient created by the accumulation of NaCl in the interstitial fluid surrounding the epithelial cells?
Passive transport of Cl- toward the higher Na+ concentration
What is the role of the salt and water reabsorbed from the tubular fluid in the proximal tubule?
To be returned to the blood via surrounding peritubular capillaries
How are nutrients like glucose and amino acids transported into the cells of the proximal tubule?
Active transport with Na+ Cations
What drives the passive paracellular diffusion of urea in the proximal tubule?
Chemical gradient
What is the primary function of the kidneys?
Regulation of body fluid composition and volume
What is the role of the proximal convoluted tubule in the kidney?
Reabsorption of all glucose, lactate, and amino acids in the filtrate
What drives the reabsorption of nearly all uric acid and about half of the urea in the proximal tubule?
Primary active transport via basolateral Na+-K+ pump
Which of the following is excreted by the kidneys?
Urea and bilirubin
What is the main role of the Na+-K+ pump in the cells of the proximal tubule?
Setting up an electrochemical gradient for passive solute diffusion
Which statement accurately reflects the role of the kidneys in metabolism?
Role in gluconeogenesis and synthesis of creatine and arginine
What is the primary role of the Na+-K+ pumps located in the cells of the proximal tubule?
To extrude Na+ into the surrounding interstitial fluid
What is the driving force for the passive transport of Cl- in the proximal tubule?
Sodium concentration gradient
What is the result of the accumulation of NaCl in the interstitial fluid surrounding the epithelial cells of the proximal tubule?
Creation of an osmotic gradient between the tubular fluid and the interstitial fluid
How are nutrients like glucose and amino acids transported into the cells of the proximal tubule?
Secondary active transport linked to H+ secretion and Na+ reabsorption
What drives the passive paracellular diffusion of urea in the proximal tubule?
Chemical gradient
What happens as a result of the electrical gradient created by the accumulation of NaCl in the interstitial fluid surrounding the epithelial cells?
Passive transport of Cl- toward higher Na+ concentration
What drives the osmosis of water from the tubular fluid into the epithelial cells of the proximal tubule?
Osmotic gradient created by NaCl accumulation
What is returned to the blood after being reabsorbed from the tubular fluid in the proximal tubule?
$Glucose$ and $Amino$ $acids$
What consumes a significant amount of ATP produced by tubular cells in the kidneys?
$H$+ -ATPase and $Na^+/K^+$-ATPase active pump mechanisms
This quiz covers the various functions of the kidneys, including maintaining water, electrolyte, and acid-base balances, excreting waste products, producing hormones, and playing a role in metabolism. Test your knowledge of the multifaceted role of kidneys in the human body.
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