Function of Kidneys and their Role in Regulation
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Questions and Answers

What is one of the functions of the kidney?

  • Producing insulin
  • Storing excess glucose
  • Synthesizing vitamin C
  • Regulating blood pressure (correct)

    • What is excreted by the kidneys?

  • Hemoglobin
  • Excess iron
  • Bilirubin (correct)
  • Vitamin D

    • What is the function of the proximal convoluted tubule?

  • Reabsorbing all sodium and water
  • Producing urea
  • Reabsorbing glucose, lactate, and amino acids (correct)
  • Secreting excess potassium

    • What is the primary active transport mechanism for sodium in the kidneys?

    <p>Active transport via basolateral Na+-K+ pump</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone is produced by the kidneys?

    <p>Erythropoietin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the Na+-K+ pumps in the cells of the proximal tubule?

    <p>To extrude Na+ into the surrounding interstitial fluid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of the electrical gradient created by the accumulation of NaCl in the interstitial fluid surrounding the epithelial cells?

    <p>Passive transport of Cl- toward the higher Na+ concentration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the salt and water reabsorbed from the tubular fluid in the proximal tubule?

    <p>To be returned to the blood via surrounding peritubular capillaries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are nutrients like glucose and amino acids transported into the cells of the proximal tubule?

    <p>Active transport with Na+ Cations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What drives the passive paracellular diffusion of urea in the proximal tubule?

    <p>Chemical gradient</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the kidneys?

    <p>Regulation of body fluid composition and volume</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the proximal convoluted tubule in the kidney?

    <p>Reabsorption of all glucose, lactate, and amino acids in the filtrate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What drives the reabsorption of nearly all uric acid and about half of the urea in the proximal tubule?

    <p>Primary active transport via basolateral Na+-K+ pump</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is excreted by the kidneys?

    <p>Urea and bilirubin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main role of the Na+-K+ pump in the cells of the proximal tubule?

    <p>Setting up an electrochemical gradient for passive solute diffusion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement accurately reflects the role of the kidneys in metabolism?

    <p>Role in gluconeogenesis and synthesis of creatine and arginine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of the Na+-K+ pumps located in the cells of the proximal tubule?

    <p>To extrude Na+ into the surrounding interstitial fluid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the driving force for the passive transport of Cl- in the proximal tubule?

    <p>Sodium concentration gradient</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of the accumulation of NaCl in the interstitial fluid surrounding the epithelial cells of the proximal tubule?

    <p>Creation of an osmotic gradient between the tubular fluid and the interstitial fluid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are nutrients like glucose and amino acids transported into the cells of the proximal tubule?

    <p>Secondary active transport linked to H+ secretion and Na+ reabsorption</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What drives the passive paracellular diffusion of urea in the proximal tubule?

    <p>Chemical gradient</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens as a result of the electrical gradient created by the accumulation of NaCl in the interstitial fluid surrounding the epithelial cells?

    <p>Passive transport of Cl- toward higher Na+ concentration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What drives the osmosis of water from the tubular fluid into the epithelial cells of the proximal tubule?

    <p>Osmotic gradient created by NaCl accumulation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is returned to the blood after being reabsorbed from the tubular fluid in the proximal tubule?

    <p>$Glucose$ and $Amino$ $acids$</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What consumes a significant amount of ATP produced by tubular cells in the kidneys?

    <p>$H$+ -ATPase and $Na^+/K^+$-ATPase active pump mechanisms</p> Signup and view all the answers

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