Fuel Classifications Quiz

Fuels can be classified based on their physical state in nature, such as solid, liquid, or gas.

Fuels can also be classified based on their origin, whether they are naturally occurring or manufactured.

Wood, coal, and oil shale are examples of solid fuels.

Tanbark, bagasse, straw, charcoal, coke, briquettes are examples of solid fuels.

Petroleum is a natural liquid fuel.

Oils derived from petroleum distillation, coal tar, shale oil, and alcohols are examples of manufactured liquid fuels.

This measure quantifies the amount of heat a fuel releases during combustion under standard conditions.

Gaseous fuels can be transported easily through pipelines, eliminating the need for manual labor.

Gaseous fuels are easily ignited, making them convenient for use.

Gaseous fuels have high heat content, allowing for high temperatures in combustion.

Gaseous fuels can be preheated using waste heat, improving energy efficiency.

The rate of combustion of gaseous fuels can be controlled for different applications, including oxidizing or reducing atmospheres.

Gaseous fuels burn cleanly with minimal soot or smoke.

Gaseous fuels do not require specialized burners for combustion.

Gaseous fuels require large storage tanks due to their low density.

Gaseous fuels are highly flammable and pose fire hazards.

A theory proposing petroleum formation from inorganic materials like carbides reacting with water to form acetylene, and subsequently, petroleum at high temperatures and pressures.

A different inorganic theory suggesting that dilute acids or hot water react with iron and manganese carbides to produce hydrocarbons, from which petroleum could have evolved.

The presence of optically active molecules in petroleum, which cannot be produced from purely inorganic sources.

The discovery of thermo-labile organic constituents (biomarkers) in petroleum, indicating an organic source.

Petroleum is exclusively found in sedimentary rocks, suggesting an association with organic material deposition.

Engler proposed that petroleum originates from the transformation of organic matter (like plants and animals) through specific stages.

The first stage in Engler's theory involves the accumulation of organic matter in aquatic environments, followed by bacterial decomposition, leaving behind stable fats, waxes, and other substances.

The second stage of Engler's theory involves high temperature and pressure transforming organic matter, leading to the formation of a bituminous residue and potential cracking to produce liquid hydrocarbons.

The third stage of Engler's theory involves further modification of the liquid product, possibly through cracking and other reactions, resulting in a more refined petroleum-like substance.

A solid fuel with high carbon content and few impurities, usually made from coal. It's grey, hard, and porous.

A type of coke derived from oil refining processes.

A solid fuel made from powdered anthracite coal, usually in the form of briquettes for home use.

It burns at a higher temperature and slower than coal, reducing particulate emissions and offering more efficiency.

A solid fuel created by restricted combustion of wood.

Waste from everyday items discarded by the public, often called trash or garbage.

Burning it carefully can generate electricity.

It can be transformed into a fuel source through gasification.

A gasified fuel source, although it requires technology and careful waste management.

The percentage of volatile matter in coal determines its suitability for different applications. High volatile matter is desirable for gas making, while low volatile matter is preferred for manufacturing metallurgical coke.

Proximate analysis of coal involves determining the moisture, volatile matter, ash, and fixed carbon content. These components are expressed as percentages by weight in relation to the total coal sample.

Ultimate analysis of coal provides a detailed chemical composition of the coal sample, including the percentages of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur, and ash. It helps determine a coal's heating value and its suitability for specific industrial processes.

The heating value of a fuel is measured in Btu (British thermal units) and represents the amount of heat energy released when a given quantity of fuel is completely burned under standard conditions. This is calculated using formulas based on the fuel's chemical composition.

Dulong's formula is a widely used equation for calculating the heating value of fuels, particularly coal, by taking into account the percentages of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and sulfur. This formula has been slightly modified over time to improve accuracy.