Questions and Answers
Which of the following is NOT considered a non-renewable fuel?
Which type of fuel is characterized by leaving a residue after combustion?
What are secondary fuels primarily derived from?
What process leads to the formation of fossil fuels?
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Which of the following fuels exist in liquid form at room temperature?
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What gas is liberated when acids react with sodium bicarbonate in a soda-acid fire extinguisher?
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What are the components of a soda-acid fire extinguisher?
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Carbon dioxide supports combustion.
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The chemical reaction of the soda-acid fire extinguisher can be summarized as: 2NaHCO3 + H2SO4 → Na2SO4 + H2O + ______↑
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Which of the following is NOT a condition necessary for combustion?
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What property of acids is utilized in soda-acid fire extinguishers?
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What is the ideal characteristic of a fuel in terms of calorific value?
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Study Notes
Classification of Fuels
- Fuels are classified based on renewability, physical states, and sources.
On the Basis of Renewability
- Renewable Fuels: Derived from animal and agricultural wastes; sustainable and non-depleting.
- Non-Renewable Fuels: Available in limited quantities and can be exhausted; examples include CNG, petrol, and coal.
On the Basis of Physical States
- Solid Fuels: Bulky, requiring large storage space; produce ash or residue upon combustion, e.g., wood and coal.
- Liquid Fuels: Exist as liquids at room temperature; leave no residue after combustion, e.g., kerosene, petrol, and diesel.
- Gaseous Fuels: Naturally in gaseous form at room temperature, e.g., CNG and hydrogen.
On the Basis of Sources
- Primary Fuels: Found in their natural form; examples include animal and agricultural wastes, wood, and coal.
- Secondary Fuels: Produced from natural fuels through physical and chemical processes; examples include water gas and producer gas from coke, and coal gas from coal.
Fossil Fuels
- Formed from decomposed remains of plants and animals over millions of years; includes coal, petroleum, and natural gas.
- Coal forms from buried plant remains, while petroleum and natural gas originate from marine organisms.
- Fossil fuels are crucial energy sources, providing heat and light for cooking and powering engines.
Soda-Acid Fire Extinguisher
- Soda-acid fire extinguishers utilize the reaction between acids and compounds like potassium carbonate or sodium bicarbonate to produce carbon dioxide.
- Carbon dioxide gas, generated during the reaction, is non-combustible, making it effective for fire suppression.
- The extinguisher consists of a glass bottle filled with sulphuric acid, placed above sodium bicarbonate solution in a sealed container.
- When the extinguisher is triggered, the glass bottle breaks, allowing the acid to react with the bicarbonate solution, releasing carbon dioxide.
- The chemical reaction involved is:
- 2NaHCO3 + H2SO4 → Na2SO4 + H2O + 2CO2↑*
Combustion and Fire Characteristics
- Combustion is an exothermic reaction, meaning it releases heat during the process.
- Essential conditions for combustion include the presence of a combustible material, oxygen (air), and a sufficient heat source.
- A candle flame has three distinct zones: luminous (yellow), non-luminous (blue), and a temperature gradient region, each serving different functions in the burning process.
- Fire can be extinguished effectively by depriving it of air, a method often employed in various fire-fighting techniques.
- The effectiveness of a fuel is determined by its calorific value—the amount of heat generated per unit mass.
- Ideal fuels should possess high calorific values, while also being practical in terms of storage, transport, and handling.
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Description
Test your knowledge on the different classifications of fuels based on renewability. Understand the characteristics of renewable and non-renewable fuels. This quiz will help you grasp the fundamental differences and importance of fuel classification.
