FST 548 Chapter 1: Fats and Oils

The process of separating fats and oils from animal tissues using heat and mechanical agitation.

A method of extracting oil from oilseeds by applying pressure to crush the seeds and release the oil.

A technique to extract oil from oilseeds using a solvent to dissolve the oil, which is then separated from the solvent.

A series of processes used to remove impurities and improve the quality of fats and oils.

Processes designed to alter the physical and chemical properties of fats and oils to meet specific applications.

A key player in the global palm oil market, contributing significantly to Malaysia's economy.

The process of extracting crude oil from its source, whether animal, marine, or plant.

The percentage of the global palm oil market represented by Malaysian palm oil.

A type of rendering where the animal tissue is cooked under vacuum to remove moisture, allowing the fat to melt and separate.

A type of rendering where hot water or steam is used to melt the fat from animal tissues.

Fat extracted from beef.

Fat extracted from pigs.

A mechanical process used to extract oil from oilseeds by pressing them.

Oilseeds are usually cooked slightly before pressing to break down their cell structure and melt the fat for easier oil release.

Excessive heat during oilseed processing can cause the oil to become darker in color due to pigment formation.

Extraction process where raw materials are heated to separate lipids (oils) from solids.

A method using high temperatures to extract oil. Risky for food-grade oils due to potential degradation (breaking down) of the oil.

A method that improves extraction efficiency by utilizing electrical fields to break down cell membranes, enhancing oil release.

A method of extraction that uses a horizontal screw to press and separate oil from materials, like a giant meat grinder.

A type of rendering where steam is used to heat and separate oil from raw materials. More gentle than high-temperature rendering.

The goal of these methods is to extract fish oil effectively while maximizing the quality of the oil. It's about increasing the amount of oil obtained and keeping its beneficial nutrients.

These methods have been developed to replace solvent extraction for fish oil production. Solvent extraction is less sustainable and can pose risks to the environment/food safety.

A method of oil extraction that uses a mechanical press to squeeze oil from oilseeds. It is considered a more traditional method and generally produces a higher quality oil because it uses lower temperatures and doesn't involve any chemical solvents.

A process in solvent extraction where the solvent is poured over the oilseeds to extract the oil. It's like letting coffee grounds soak in hot water.

The process of separating the solvent from the extracted oil in solvent extraction. Think of heating a pot of water and separating the steam from the water.

A series of physical and chemical treatments applied to crude oil to improve its quality and remove undesirable components. Refining ensures the oil meets specific standards for consumption.

These are acids found in oil that need to be removed during refining. They can contribute to unpleasant tastes and odors.

This category includes compounds like chlorophyll that give oil its color and need to be removed during refining to improve the oil's appearance.

These are undesirable components in oil that need to be removed during refining. They can contribute to rancidity and other issues.

The process of removing phosphatides from vegetable oils.

Phospholipids that can easily be removed from oil with water.

Phospholipids that are difficult to remove with water.

A compound found in vegetable oils that contributes to their 'gummy' texture.

The process of removing free fatty acids (FFAs) from vegetable oils.

The removal of color from vegetable oils using a bleaching agent.

The process of removing odors and flavors from vegetable oils using heat and vacuum.

The process of converting non-hydratable phosphatides into hydratable phosphatides using an acid.

The process of removing acidic components from oil using an alkali (like lye or NaOH). This neutralizes the acids and forms soap which gets removed.

A neutral oil is formed when free fatty acids (FFAs) in oil react with an alkali (like NaOH), generating soap as a byproduct.

In oil refining, deodorization removes odoriferous compounds, residual FFAs, and carotenoids, resulting in a more stable, flavorful oil.

Phospholipids are more easily removed from oil if the group is larger.

This process involves removing free fatty acids (FFAs) and residual phospholipids by using a dilute caustic solution.