52 Questions
At what age does natural menopause typically occur?
51 years
What is the definition of primary ovarian insufficiency?
Irregular or cessation of ovulatory menstrual cycles before the age of 40 years
What characterizes perimenopause/menopausal transition?
Onset of irregular menses to the final menstrual cycle
In which ethnic group does menopause typically occur earlier?
Hispanic women
What is the primary indication for hormone therapy?
Treatment of moderate to severe vasomotor symptoms
What does an FSH level greater than 30.IU/mL indicate?
Ovarian failure
Why is it important to do a pregnancy test for women who have not completely ceased bleeding?
To check for unwanted pregnancies
What is the recommended frequency for mammograms according to the U.S. Preventative Services Task Force for women aged 50 to 74?
Every 2 years
Which tool can be used to assess the risk for fracture in postmenopausal women?
FRAX tool
Which hormone is given to females without a uterus?
Estrogen alone
What does estrogen combined with progestin aim to minimize and improve?
Minimize vasomotor symptoms and improve urogenital atrophy
Why must females with a uterus take estrogen and progesterone together?
To lower the risk of endometrial cancer
What is the primary indication for estrogen replacement therapy?
Treatment of urogenital atrophy
What does hormone therapy help lower the risk of?
Osteoporotic fractures
What is the recommended frequency for bone mineral density screening with DEXA scan in postmenopausal women?
Every 2 years
Which hormone therapy option comes in transdermal, oral, spray, gels, vaginal, and injectable forms?
Unopposed estrogen
What is the main cause of anovulation as mentioned in the passage?
Lack of luteinizing hormone surge
What can help offset the risks of cardiovascular disease during menopause?
Avoiding tobacco use
What symptom do about 80% of menopausal women report experiencing?
Vasomotor symptoms
What is the recommended daily intake of vitamin D for offsetting the risks of osteoporotic fractures during menopause?
800 to 1200 IUs
What is a common urogenital symptom experienced by menopausal women?
Vaginal vulvar dryness
What is a common psychological symptom linked with menopause transition?
Irritability
What is one effect of atrophic vulva and vaginal mucosa on menopausal women?
Increased risk of vaginal infections
What change in breast size is typically observed in menopausal women?
"Extreme" decrease in breast size
"Chronic insomnia" is linked with menopause due to:
'Hormonal imbalances'
What is one way to reduce the risks of osteoporotic fractures during menopause?
Undertaking weight-bearing exercise
What symptom is experienced by nearly every female during menopause?
Chronic insomnia
What is a recommended method to diagnose menopause according to the passage?
Lab testing including hormone levels
What is the recommended initial treatment duration for vaginal estrogen therapy?
One to two weeks
Which medication is specifically recommended for moderate to severe dyspareunia associated with vaginal atrophy?
Ospemifene
What is the primary purpose of water-based and silicone-based moisturizers and lubricants in non-hormonal treatments?
To provide relief from vaginal dryness
What is the main concern about calcium supplements for post-menopausal women?
They may cause kidney stones
What is the purpose of encouraging post-menopausal women to engage in weight-bearing exercise more than 30 minutes at a time, three times weekly?
To prevent osteoporosis
Which therapy can improve elasticity, vascularity, and epithelial proliferation in post-menopausal women?
Laser therapy
Why should bleeding be evaluated before starting vaginal topical creams, tablets, or rings?
To rule out any underlying conditions
What is the primary benefit of topical estrogen therapy for genitourinary syndrome or vulvar/vaginal atrophy?
It reverses the vaginal atrophy
What is the recommended age for post-menopausal women to undergo a DEXA scan?
At the age of 65
What is the purpose of vitamin D supplementation for post-menopausal women?
To prevent osteoporosis
What should be evaluated before starting non-hormonal treatments such as moisturizers and lubricants?
Bleeding frequency
What is the primary role of Kegel exercises in post-menopausal women?
To strengthen pelvic floor muscles
What did the Women's Health Initiative study demonstrate about women who took estrogen with progesterone?
Increased risk of stroke and urinary incontinence
What is the primary concern associated with higher doses of estrogen?
Hypercoagulability and hypertension
Which app aims to aid in shared decision-making between clinicians and patients regarding hormone therapy?
MenoPro
What is a non-hormonal treatment option for vasomotor symptoms mentioned in the passage?
Paroxetine
According to the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, how should hormone therapy be approached?
With the lowest effective dose for the shortest duration needed
What is a common side effect associated with hormone replacement therapy mentioned in the passage?
Urinary incontinence
What is the primary rheumatic symptom that Gabapentin has been shown to have an effect on during menopause?
Hot flashes
What do studies since the Women's Health Initiative show about hormone therapy when introduced early into menopause?
Benefits when introduced early and with low estrogen doses
What is a contraindication for hormone therapy according to the passage?
Active liver disease
What did the Women's Health Initiative study demonstrate about women who took estrogen alone?
4 increased risk of abnormal mammograms requiring follow-up investigations
What is the primary role of Clonidine in treating menopausal symptoms?
To treat mild hot flashes, although less effective than SSRIs or SNRIs
What did the Women's Health Initiative study demonstrate about women who took estrogen with progesterone versus placebo?
Increased heart disease events, invasive breast cancer, stroke, pulmonary embolus, dementia, gallbladder disease, and urinary incontinence
Test your knowledge about FSH levels and their indication of ovarian failure, along with factors that can alter lab results. Learn about the importance of pregnancy testing for women who have not completely ceased bleeding.
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