Fruit Classification and Types Quiz

Questions and Answers

What is a fruit?

A fruit is a mature ovary.

Fruits are characteristic of which type of plants?

Mosses

Ferns

Angiosperms (correct)

Gymnosperms

What is traditional fruit classification based upon?

Texture of the fruit wall and the origin of the tissues that form the fruit.

What is a simple fruit?

Fruit formed from the wall of one ovary. Signup and view all the answers

What is an aggregate fruit?

Fruit formed from aggregation of several ovaries all in the same flower. Signup and view all the answers

What is a multiple fruit?

Fruit formed from coalescence of ovaries from several flowers. Signup and view all the answers

What is an accessory fruit?

Fruit wall incorporates non-ovarian tissues. Signup and view all the answers

What is a capsule?

A dry fruit that opens (dehisces) to release seeds. Signup and view all the answers

What is an achene?

A dry, one-seeded fruit that does not open (indehiscent). Signup and view all the answers

What is a nut?

Like an achene, but the fruit wall is thick and hard. Signup and view all the answers

What is a berry?

A fleshy fruit with a wall of more-or-less uniform texture beneath a thin skin. Signup and view all the answers

What is a drupe?

A fleshy, one-seeded fruit with a stony inner wall. Signup and view all the answers

What is a caryopsis?

Like an achene, but the seed-coat is fused with the wall of the fruit. Signup and view all the answers

What is a legume?

A capsule that opens (dehisces) along two sides. Signup and view all the answers

What is a pepo?

Like a berry, but the outer fruit wall is leathery, forming a rind. Signup and view all the answers

What is a hesperidium?

Like a berry, but the seeds are embedded among fleshy juice-sacs. Signup and view all the answers

What is a pome?

An accessory fruit in which the fleshy tissue of a flower-cup makes up most of the fruit wall. Signup and view all the answers

What is a pistil?

"Female" part of a flower that produces eggs. Signup and view all the answers

What is the ovary in a flower?

The basal, often swollen part of a flower that contains the ovules. Signup and view all the answers

What is a carpel?

A single unit of an ovary believed to have resulted from the folding of a leaf-like structure to enclose the ovules. Signup and view all the answers

What is a simple pistil?

Consists of one carpel. Signup and view all the answers

What is an apocarpous flower?

Having carpels that are free from one another. Signup and view all the answers

What is a compound pistil?

Consists of two or more fused carpels. Signup and view all the answers

What is a syncarpous flower?

Having or consisting of united carpels. Signup and view all the answers

What is a superior ovary?

A superior ovary is one borne above the insertion of the sepals and petals. Signup and view all the answers

What is ovary placentation?

In flowering plants, placentation occurs where the ovules are attached inside the ovary. Signup and view all the answers

What is axile placentation?

The ovary is sectioned by radial spokes with placentas in separate locules. Signup and view all the answers

What is parietal placentation?

The placentas are in the ovary wall within a non-sectioned ovary. Signup and view all the answers

What is a hypanthium?

A structure where basal portions of the calyx, corolla, and stamens form a cup-shaped tube. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Classification and Origin of Fruits

A fruit originates from a mature ovary, containing seeds from a pistil.
Fruits are exclusive to flowering plants (angiosperms), absent in gymnosperms.
Traditional fruit classification considers the fruit wall's texture and the origin of the tissues forming the fruit.

General Categories of Fruits

Simple fruits develop from a single ovary (e.g., grape).
Aggregate fruits form from multiple ovaries within a single flower (e.g., raspberry).
Multiple fruits arise from coalescing ovaries of several flowers (e.g., pineapple).
Accessory fruits include non-ovarian tissues in their structure (e.g., strawberry).

Types of Simple Fruits

Capsules are dry fruits that release seeds by opening (dehiscing), such as the Brazil nut.
Achenes are dry, one-seeded fruits that do not open (indehiscent), like cannabis.
Nuts are similar to achenes but feature a thick, hard fruit wall (e.g., walnut).
Berries are fleshy fruits with a uniformly textured wall beneath a thin skin (e.g., blueberry).
Drupes are fleshy, one-seeded fruits with a stony inner wall.

Specialized Fruits

Caryopsis resembles an achene but has a fused seed-coat with the fruit wall; exclusive to the Poaceae family.
Legumes are capsules that dehisce along two sides; specific to the Fabaceae family.
Pepos are berry-like with a leathery rind; characteristic of the Cucurbitaceae family.
Hesperidia, also berry-like, have seeds among juicy sac; found in Citrus (Rutaceae) and relatives.
Pomes are accessory fruits with fleshy tissue from a floral cup making most of the fruit wall; seen in some Rosaceae.
Syconia are accessory fruits of fleshy stem tissue surrounding achenes from multiple flowers; associated with Ficus (Moraceae).

A pistil is the female part of a flower, consisting of an ovary, style, and stigma.
The ovary is the basal, often swollen part of a flower housing the ovules.
A carpel is a single unit of an ovary, potentially comprising multiple carpels.

Pistil Structures

A simple pistil contains only one carpel.
An apocarpous flower features separate carpels in a single flower.
A compound pistil consists of fused carpels.
A syncarpous flower has united carpels in a single pistil.

Ovary Structure and Placement

A superior ovary is located above the attachment point of sepals and petals, typical of a hypogenous flower.
Placentation refers to the attachment sites of ovules in the ovary.
Axile placentation features radial spokes within the ovary, sectioning it into locules.
Parietal placentation has placentas along the ovary wall without sectioning.

Hypanthium Structure

The hypanthium, or floral cup, is formed by the basal portions of the calyx, corolla, and stamens, creating a tube-like structure.

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Description

Test your knowledge on the classification and origin of fruits. This quiz covers various categories of fruits, including simple, aggregate, and multiple fruits, as well as detailed types of simple fruits. Explore the fascinating world of angiosperms and their fruit structures!