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Fruit Anatomy
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Fruit Anatomy

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Questions and Answers

Which type of fruit is characterized by a dry pericarp that separates into three portions at maturity?

  • Achene
  • Silique (correct)
  • Samara
  • Caryopsis
  • What is the term for a dry fruit that splits along the midline into two one-seeded indehiscent halves?

  • Achene
  • Capsule
  • Schizocarp (correct)
  • Caryopsis
  • Which type of fruit is formed from a superior ovary consisting of two locules?

  • Achene
  • Silique (correct)
  • Caryopsis
  • Samara
  • What is the term for a dry, one-seeded, indehiscent fruit with a hard or stony pericarp?

    <p>Nut</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of fruit is characterized by an outgrowth of the ovary wall, forming a winglike structure?

    <p>Samara</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a fruit that is formed from a compound ovary?

    <p>Capsule</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of fruit has a pericarp that is firmly united with the seed coat all the way around?

    <p>Caryopsis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a fruit that is formed from a single carpel and opens along one suture?

    <p>Follicle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of fruit is characterized by a pericarp that can be easily separated from the seed coat?

    <p>Achene</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a fruit that is formed from multiple carpels that are united?

    <p>Capsule</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Fruit Types

    • Acorn is the fruit of the oak, partially enclosed by a hardened involucral cup.

    Pericarp Fleshy

    • Drupe: derived from a single carpel, usually one-seeded, with a hard endocarp, thin exocarp, and fleshy mesocarp (e.g., cherry, almond, peach, apricot, olive).
    • Berry: derived from a compound ovary, with multiple seeds embedded in flesh (e.g., tomato).
    • Hesperidium: characteristic of citrus fruits (lemon, orange, lime, grapefruit), with a thick leathery rind, juicy pulp, and oil glands.
    • Pepo: a berry-like fruit, characteristic of the Cucurbitaceae family (e.g., cucumber, melon, squash).

    Kinds of Fruits

    • Classification criteria: flower structure, number of ovaries, number of carpels, pericarp nature (dry or fleshy), dehiscence, and sepals/receptacle role.
    • Simple fruits: derived from a single ovary, may be dry or fleshy, with one or more carpels.
    • Aggregate fruits: derived from multiple ovaries of a single flower (e.g., strawberry, blackberry).
    • Multiple fruits: derived from the ovaries of several flowers, grown together (e.g., fig, pineapple).

    Simple Fruits

    • Pericarp Dry and Dehiscent:
      • Pod: characteristic of Fabaceae (Leguminosae), with a shell (pericarp) and seeds (e.g., bean, pea).
      • Follicle: opens along one suture, developing from a single carpel.
      • Capsule: derived from a compound ovary, dehiscing in various ways.
      • Silique: characteristic of Brassicaceae, with two locules and seeds attached to the central portion.

    Pericarp Dry and Indehiscent

    • Achene: dry, one-seeded, indehiscent fruit (e.g., sunflower), with a pericarp separable from the seed coat.
    • Grain or Caryopsis: dry, one-seeded, indehiscent fruit (e.g., grass), with pericarp and seed coat firmly united.
    • Samara: dry, indehiscent fruit, with an outgrowth of the ovary wall forming a wing-like structure.
    • Schizocarp: characteristic of Apiaceae (Umbelliferae), with two carpels splitting along the midline into two one-seeded halves (e.g., carrot, celery).
    • Nut: one-seeded, indehiscent dry fruit with a hard or stony pericarp (e.g., chestnut, acorn, walnut).

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    Description

    Learn about the different parts of fruits, including the pericarp, involucral cup, and husk, with examples of drupes and other types of fruits.

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