Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which type of fruit is characterized by a dry pericarp that separates into three portions at maturity?
Which type of fruit is characterized by a dry pericarp that separates into three portions at maturity?
What is the term for a dry fruit that splits along the midline into two one-seeded indehiscent halves?
What is the term for a dry fruit that splits along the midline into two one-seeded indehiscent halves?
Which type of fruit is formed from a superior ovary consisting of two locules?
Which type of fruit is formed from a superior ovary consisting of two locules?
What is the term for a dry, one-seeded, indehiscent fruit with a hard or stony pericarp?
What is the term for a dry, one-seeded, indehiscent fruit with a hard or stony pericarp?
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Which type of fruit is characterized by an outgrowth of the ovary wall, forming a winglike structure?
Which type of fruit is characterized by an outgrowth of the ovary wall, forming a winglike structure?
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What is the term for a fruit that is formed from a compound ovary?
What is the term for a fruit that is formed from a compound ovary?
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Which type of fruit has a pericarp that is firmly united with the seed coat all the way around?
Which type of fruit has a pericarp that is firmly united with the seed coat all the way around?
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What is the term for a fruit that is formed from a single carpel and opens along one suture?
What is the term for a fruit that is formed from a single carpel and opens along one suture?
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Which type of fruit is characterized by a pericarp that can be easily separated from the seed coat?
Which type of fruit is characterized by a pericarp that can be easily separated from the seed coat?
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What is the term for a fruit that is formed from multiple carpels that are united?
What is the term for a fruit that is formed from multiple carpels that are united?
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Study Notes
Fruit Types
- Acorn is the fruit of the oak, partially enclosed by a hardened involucral cup.
Pericarp Fleshy
- Drupe: derived from a single carpel, usually one-seeded, with a hard endocarp, thin exocarp, and fleshy mesocarp (e.g., cherry, almond, peach, apricot, olive).
- Berry: derived from a compound ovary, with multiple seeds embedded in flesh (e.g., tomato).
- Hesperidium: characteristic of citrus fruits (lemon, orange, lime, grapefruit), with a thick leathery rind, juicy pulp, and oil glands.
- Pepo: a berry-like fruit, characteristic of the Cucurbitaceae family (e.g., cucumber, melon, squash).
Kinds of Fruits
- Classification criteria: flower structure, number of ovaries, number of carpels, pericarp nature (dry or fleshy), dehiscence, and sepals/receptacle role.
- Simple fruits: derived from a single ovary, may be dry or fleshy, with one or more carpels.
- Aggregate fruits: derived from multiple ovaries of a single flower (e.g., strawberry, blackberry).
- Multiple fruits: derived from the ovaries of several flowers, grown together (e.g., fig, pineapple).
Simple Fruits
- Pericarp Dry and Dehiscent:
- Pod: characteristic of Fabaceae (Leguminosae), with a shell (pericarp) and seeds (e.g., bean, pea).
- Follicle: opens along one suture, developing from a single carpel.
- Capsule: derived from a compound ovary, dehiscing in various ways.
- Silique: characteristic of Brassicaceae, with two locules and seeds attached to the central portion.
Pericarp Dry and Indehiscent
- Achene: dry, one-seeded, indehiscent fruit (e.g., sunflower), with a pericarp separable from the seed coat.
- Grain or Caryopsis: dry, one-seeded, indehiscent fruit (e.g., grass), with pericarp and seed coat firmly united.
- Samara: dry, indehiscent fruit, with an outgrowth of the ovary wall forming a wing-like structure.
- Schizocarp: characteristic of Apiaceae (Umbelliferae), with two carpels splitting along the midline into two one-seeded halves (e.g., carrot, celery).
- Nut: one-seeded, indehiscent dry fruit with a hard or stony pericarp (e.g., chestnut, acorn, walnut).
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Description
Learn about the different parts of fruits, including the pericarp, involucral cup, and husk, with examples of drupes and other types of fruits.
