Freud's Psychoanalytic Theory Overview
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Questions and Answers

What is the term for the unconscious mental processes employed by the ego to reduce anxiety by unconsciously distorting reality?

  • Suppression
  • Defense mechanisms (correct)
  • Repression
  • Regression
  • Which of Freud's concepts refers to the inherited experiences of our ancestors?

  • Libido
  • Parapraxes
  • Ego-ideal
  • Phylogenetic endowment (correct)
  • According to Freud, what is the name for the unconscious forgetting of traumatic or anxiety-producing experiences?

  • Projection
  • Repression (correct)
  • Denial
  • Suppression
  • What is the primary function of the ego, according to Freud?

    <p>To mediate between the id and the superego (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the id, according to Freud?

    <p>It operates according to the reality principle (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the energy associated with life instincts, according to Freud?

    <p>Libido (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the stage in psychosexual development where children focus on pleasure derived from control over their bowels?

    <p>Anal stage (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Freud's term for the process by which the ego unconsciously distorts reality to reduce anxiety?

    <p>Defense mechanisms (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a gateway to the unconscious, according to Freud?

    <p>Intelligence (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Freud, what is the underlying cause of anxiety?

    <p>Unconscious conflicts (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Freud believed that humor served as a defense mechanism against which of the following?

    <p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the principle of conservation of energy, as described by Freud?

    <p>Energy can be transformed but cannot be destroyed (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Freud, what is the difference between suppression and repression?

    <p>Suppression is conscious, while repression is unconscious (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Freud, what is the role of the ego-ideal in the development of the superego?

    <p>It represents the internalization of societal values (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the superego?

    <p>It has its own source of energy (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary emphasis of Freud's psychoanalytic approach to personality?

    <p>The impact of unconscious processes on behavior (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the primary method used by Freud to develop his theories?

    <p>Observations and experiences with patients (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What key discovery did Freud make while working with Joseph Breuer?

    <p>The potential of hypnosis for removing hysterical symptoms (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe the removal of hysterical symptoms through talking, as discovered by Freud and Breuer?

    <p>Catharsis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What significant event influenced Freud's initial interest in the unconscious mind?

    <p>His studies of hypnosis under Jean Charcot (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the Oedipus complex involve for boys?

    <p>Seeing their father as a rival for their mother's attention (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary theme during the latency stage of development?

    <p>Channeling psychosexual energy into academic and social pursuits (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Freud suggest happens to unresolved conflicts from early life?

    <p>They lead to repressed memories or infantile amnesia (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does a girl's superego develop according to Freud's theory?

    <p>By identifying with her mother after experiencing penis envy (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement reflects a limitation of Freud's psychoanalytic theory?

    <p>It is difficult to test empirically (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Little Hans's case illustrate in Freud's theory?

    <p>The confirmation of the Oedipus complex (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which concept is associated with a boy feeling afraid of his father regarding his feelings for his mother?

    <p>Castration anxiety (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does neuropsychoanalysis study?

    <p>The connection between brain activity and psychoanalytic theory (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does Freud characterize 'normal' adult sexuality?

    <p>As conventional and healthy (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What aspect of Freud's theory has faced criticism for being sexist?

    <p>Its assumptions regarding the female experience (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Flashcards

    Freud

    Sigmund Freud, a neurologist who founded psychoanalysis.

    Psychoanalytic approach

    A personality theory emphasizing unconscious processes and inner drives.

    Free association

    A therapeutic technique where patients say whatever comes to mind.

    Hysteria

    A disorder marked by physical symptoms like paralysis without a medical cause.

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    Catharsis

    The process of releasing and thereby providing relief from strong or repressed emotions.

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    Joseph Breuer

    Psychoanalyst who treated patients through hypnosis.

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    Unconscious mind

    The part of the mind that houses hidden desires and memories.

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    Id

    Part of personality driven by basic instincts and desires.

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    Superego

    Moral component of personality representing ideals and conscience.

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    Ego

    The rational part of personality that mediates between Id and superego.

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    Defense mechanisms

    Unconscious strategies the ego uses to protect against anxiety.

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    Repression

    Forgetting or burying painful thoughts in the unconscious.

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    Freudian slip

    A mistake in speech revealing unconscious thoughts.

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    Oedipus complex

    A child's unconscious desire for the opposite-sex parent.

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    Psychosexual development

    Stages of development where libido focuses on different body areas.

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    Oral stage

    First stage of development focused on oral stimulation.

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    Anal stage

    Second stage of development centered around potty training and control.

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    Regression

    Reverting to childlike behaviors during stress.

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    Sublimation

    Transforming unacceptable impulses into socially acceptable activities.

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    Dream analysis

    Interpreting dreams to understand unconscious desires and conflicts.

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    Castration Anxiety

    Fear boys have of losing their penis due to their feelings for their mother.

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    Penis Envy

    Girls' feelings of envy for boys having a penis, leading to sexual desire for their father.

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    Superego Development

    Formation of moral standards through internal conflict and identification with parents.

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    Latency Stage

    Developmental stage (ages 5-12) where sexual energy is redirected to social and academic pursuits.

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    Genital Stage

    Final stage of psychosexual development where mature sexual relationships are formed.

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    Freudian Theory and Emotion

    The idea that unconscious emotions can exist independently of conscious thought.

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    Infantile Amnesia

    Inability of adults to remember much from early childhood due to trauma and memory flaws.

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    Neuropsychoanalysis

    The study of brain activity in relation to psychoanalytic concepts of the mind.

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    Study Notes

    Sigmund Freud and Psychoanalytic Approach

    • Freud (1856- ), a neurologist turned psychiatrist, developed a personality theory based on observing patients over 50 years. His work emphasized unconscious mental processes, and used methods like hypnosis, free association, and dream analysis to access the unconscious.
    • His theory influenced the Vienna psychoanalytic society (1902) and the International Psychoanalytic Association (1910).
    • Freud believed behavior is determined by inner drives and conflicts, not free will.

    Freud's Structure of Personality

    • Freud proposed three levels of the mind: unconscious (Id), preconscious (ego and superego), and conscious.
    • Unconscious (Id): Primarily instincts, arising from biological needs. The Id seeks immediate pleasure and avoids pain. Four characteristics are:
    • Source: Bodily deficits
    • Aim: Need/deficit gratification
    • Impetus: Drive determined by deficit size
    • Object: Experience that resolves the deficit
    • Preconscious (ego and superego): A contact with reality and morality.
      • Ego: Negotiates between the Id and the superego, using the reality principle.
      • Superego: Represents internalized societal values, learned from parents.
        • Conscience: Guilt from punishment.
        • Ego-ideal: Pride from rewards.

    Unconscious Forces

    • Instincts: Drive behaviors to meet needs.
      • Life instincts (eros): Preserve life, using libido (energy).
      • Death instincts: Return to inorganic (no needs).
    • Repression and Suppression: Experiences may be pushed to the unconscious, causing anxiety.
    • Defense Mechanisms: Protect the ego from anxiety:
      • Repression: Unconscious forgetting.
      • Denial: Rejecting reality.
      • Regression: Retreating to an earlier state.
      • Reaction formation: Reverting to the opposite.
      • Projection: Blaming others for internal problems.
      • Displacement: Redirecting emotions to a safer target.
      • Rationalization: Creating excuses.
      • Sublimation: Channeling feelings into acceptable ones.
      • Undoing: Trying to reverse anxiety-causing actions.
    • Freudian Slips: Mistakes revealing repressed thoughts. Humor and parapraxes (errors).
    • Energy Hypothesis: Repression uses energy, leaving less for dealing with reality.

    Psychosexual Stages of Development

    • Freud's psychosexual theory explains development through stages when the libido (sexual energy) focuses on different erogenous zones.
    • Oral Stage (0-18 months): Pleasure from feeding (taking in and biting/spitting). Fixation leads to oral receptive (overindulgence) or sadistic (underindulgence) personality.
    • Anal Stage (around 2 years): Pleasure from controlling bowel movements (expulsion or retention).
    • Phallic Stage (around 5): Pleasure in genitals. Oedipus complex (boy), Electra complex (girl). Fixation relates to vanity, etc.
    • Latency Stage (5-12): Psychosexual energy is channeled into other activities (social and academic).
    • Genital Stage (after 12): Mature sexual relationships. Success depends on healthy development in previous stages.

    Freud's View of Anxiety

    • Anxiety is a reaction to threatening impulses.
      • Reality anxiety: Danger from the real world.
      • Neurotic anxiety: Id impulses threaten to break through.
      • Moral anxiety: Fear of superego's disapproval.

    Applications and Criticisms of Freud's Theory

    • Applications: Explains unconscious emotions, infantile amnesia, and defense mechanisms.
    • Limitations: Pessimistic, focused on pathology, difficult to test empirically, and sexist (viewing males as the norm).

    Modern Research & Neuropsychoanalysis:

    • Modern research has not supported many Freudian notions.
    • Neuropsychoanalysis studies brain activity relative to psychoanalytic concepts.

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    Description

    Explore the foundational concepts of Sigmund Freud's psychoanalytic approach, including his structure of personality, which consists of the Id, ego, and superego. This quiz delves into the impact of his theories on psychology and the methods he employed to understand the unconscious mind. Test your knowledge on the key elements and influences of Freud's work.

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