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Questions and Answers
What is the term for the unconscious mental processes employed by the ego to reduce anxiety by unconsciously distorting reality?
What is the term for the unconscious mental processes employed by the ego to reduce anxiety by unconsciously distorting reality?
Which of Freud's concepts refers to the inherited experiences of our ancestors?
Which of Freud's concepts refers to the inherited experiences of our ancestors?
According to Freud, what is the name for the unconscious forgetting of traumatic or anxiety-producing experiences?
According to Freud, what is the name for the unconscious forgetting of traumatic or anxiety-producing experiences?
What is the primary function of the ego, according to Freud?
What is the primary function of the ego, according to Freud?
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Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the id, according to Freud?
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the id, according to Freud?
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What is the term for the energy associated with life instincts, according to Freud?
What is the term for the energy associated with life instincts, according to Freud?
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What is the name of the stage in psychosexual development where children focus on pleasure derived from control over their bowels?
What is the name of the stage in psychosexual development where children focus on pleasure derived from control over their bowels?
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What is Freud's term for the process by which the ego unconsciously distorts reality to reduce anxiety?
What is Freud's term for the process by which the ego unconsciously distorts reality to reduce anxiety?
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Which of the following is NOT a gateway to the unconscious, according to Freud?
Which of the following is NOT a gateway to the unconscious, according to Freud?
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According to Freud, what is the underlying cause of anxiety?
According to Freud, what is the underlying cause of anxiety?
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Freud believed that humor served as a defense mechanism against which of the following?
Freud believed that humor served as a defense mechanism against which of the following?
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What is the principle of conservation of energy, as described by Freud?
What is the principle of conservation of energy, as described by Freud?
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According to Freud, what is the difference between suppression and repression?
According to Freud, what is the difference between suppression and repression?
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According to Freud, what is the role of the ego-ideal in the development of the superego?
According to Freud, what is the role of the ego-ideal in the development of the superego?
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Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the superego?
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the superego?
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What is the primary emphasis of Freud's psychoanalytic approach to personality?
What is the primary emphasis of Freud's psychoanalytic approach to personality?
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What was the primary method used by Freud to develop his theories?
What was the primary method used by Freud to develop his theories?
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What key discovery did Freud make while working with Joseph Breuer?
What key discovery did Freud make while working with Joseph Breuer?
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What is the term used to describe the removal of hysterical symptoms through talking, as discovered by Freud and Breuer?
What is the term used to describe the removal of hysterical symptoms through talking, as discovered by Freud and Breuer?
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What significant event influenced Freud's initial interest in the unconscious mind?
What significant event influenced Freud's initial interest in the unconscious mind?
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What does the Oedipus complex involve for boys?
What does the Oedipus complex involve for boys?
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What is the primary theme during the latency stage of development?
What is the primary theme during the latency stage of development?
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What does Freud suggest happens to unresolved conflicts from early life?
What does Freud suggest happens to unresolved conflicts from early life?
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How does a girl's superego develop according to Freud's theory?
How does a girl's superego develop according to Freud's theory?
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Which statement reflects a limitation of Freud's psychoanalytic theory?
Which statement reflects a limitation of Freud's psychoanalytic theory?
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What did Little Hans's case illustrate in Freud's theory?
What did Little Hans's case illustrate in Freud's theory?
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Which concept is associated with a boy feeling afraid of his father regarding his feelings for his mother?
Which concept is associated with a boy feeling afraid of his father regarding his feelings for his mother?
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What does neuropsychoanalysis study?
What does neuropsychoanalysis study?
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How does Freud characterize 'normal' adult sexuality?
How does Freud characterize 'normal' adult sexuality?
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What aspect of Freud's theory has faced criticism for being sexist?
What aspect of Freud's theory has faced criticism for being sexist?
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Flashcards
Freud
Freud
Sigmund Freud, a neurologist who founded psychoanalysis.
Psychoanalytic approach
Psychoanalytic approach
A personality theory emphasizing unconscious processes and inner drives.
Free association
Free association
A therapeutic technique where patients say whatever comes to mind.
Hysteria
Hysteria
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Catharsis
Catharsis
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Joseph Breuer
Joseph Breuer
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Unconscious mind
Unconscious mind
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Id
Id
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Superego
Superego
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Ego
Ego
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Defense mechanisms
Defense mechanisms
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Repression
Repression
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Freudian slip
Freudian slip
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Oedipus complex
Oedipus complex
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Psychosexual development
Psychosexual development
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Oral stage
Oral stage
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Anal stage
Anal stage
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Regression
Regression
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Sublimation
Sublimation
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Dream analysis
Dream analysis
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Castration Anxiety
Castration Anxiety
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Penis Envy
Penis Envy
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Superego Development
Superego Development
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Latency Stage
Latency Stage
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Genital Stage
Genital Stage
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Freudian Theory and Emotion
Freudian Theory and Emotion
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Infantile Amnesia
Infantile Amnesia
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Neuropsychoanalysis
Neuropsychoanalysis
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Study Notes
Sigmund Freud and Psychoanalytic Approach
- Freud (1856- ), a neurologist turned psychiatrist, developed a personality theory based on observing patients over 50 years. His work emphasized unconscious mental processes, and used methods like hypnosis, free association, and dream analysis to access the unconscious.
- His theory influenced the Vienna psychoanalytic society (1902) and the International Psychoanalytic Association (1910).
- Freud believed behavior is determined by inner drives and conflicts, not free will.
Freud's Structure of Personality
- Freud proposed three levels of the mind: unconscious (Id), preconscious (ego and superego), and conscious.
- Unconscious (Id): Primarily instincts, arising from biological needs. The Id seeks immediate pleasure and avoids pain. Four characteristics are:
- Source: Bodily deficits
- Aim: Need/deficit gratification
- Impetus: Drive determined by deficit size
- Object: Experience that resolves the deficit
- Preconscious (ego and superego): A contact with reality and morality.
- Ego: Negotiates between the Id and the superego, using the reality principle.
- Superego: Represents internalized societal values, learned from parents.
- Conscience: Guilt from punishment.
- Ego-ideal: Pride from rewards.
Unconscious Forces
- Instincts: Drive behaviors to meet needs.
- Life instincts (eros): Preserve life, using libido (energy).
- Death instincts: Return to inorganic (no needs).
- Repression and Suppression: Experiences may be pushed to the unconscious, causing anxiety.
- Defense Mechanisms: Protect the ego from anxiety:
- Repression: Unconscious forgetting.
- Denial: Rejecting reality.
- Regression: Retreating to an earlier state.
- Reaction formation: Reverting to the opposite.
- Projection: Blaming others for internal problems.
- Displacement: Redirecting emotions to a safer target.
- Rationalization: Creating excuses.
- Sublimation: Channeling feelings into acceptable ones.
- Undoing: Trying to reverse anxiety-causing actions.
- Freudian Slips: Mistakes revealing repressed thoughts. Humor and parapraxes (errors).
- Energy Hypothesis: Repression uses energy, leaving less for dealing with reality.
Psychosexual Stages of Development
- Freud's psychosexual theory explains development through stages when the libido (sexual energy) focuses on different erogenous zones.
- Oral Stage (0-18 months): Pleasure from feeding (taking in and biting/spitting). Fixation leads to oral receptive (overindulgence) or sadistic (underindulgence) personality.
- Anal Stage (around 2 years): Pleasure from controlling bowel movements (expulsion or retention).
- Phallic Stage (around 5): Pleasure in genitals. Oedipus complex (boy), Electra complex (girl). Fixation relates to vanity, etc.
- Latency Stage (5-12): Psychosexual energy is channeled into other activities (social and academic).
- Genital Stage (after 12): Mature sexual relationships. Success depends on healthy development in previous stages.
Freud's View of Anxiety
- Anxiety is a reaction to threatening impulses.
- Reality anxiety: Danger from the real world.
- Neurotic anxiety: Id impulses threaten to break through.
- Moral anxiety: Fear of superego's disapproval.
Applications and Criticisms of Freud's Theory
- Applications: Explains unconscious emotions, infantile amnesia, and defense mechanisms.
- Limitations: Pessimistic, focused on pathology, difficult to test empirically, and sexist (viewing males as the norm).
Modern Research & Neuropsychoanalysis:
- Modern research has not supported many Freudian notions.
- Neuropsychoanalysis studies brain activity relative to psychoanalytic concepts.
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Description
Explore the foundational concepts of Sigmund Freud's psychoanalytic approach, including his structure of personality, which consists of the Id, ego, and superego. This quiz delves into the impact of his theories on psychology and the methods he employed to understand the unconscious mind. Test your knowledge on the key elements and influences of Freud's work.