French Revolution Flashcards
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Questions and Answers

What are the three distinct social classes in France during the 1700s?

Estate

What is the King's Palace of France called?

Versailles

What was the First Estate?

Roman Catholic clergy

What is the significance of the Bastille?

<p>A famous Paris prison stormed by a mob</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which group comprised 97 percent of France's population before the revolution?

<p>Third Estate</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did the Second Estate consist of?

<p>Nobility class who paid little taxes</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the situation for members of the Third Estate before the revolution?

<p>High tax burden and little political power</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why did King Louis XVI summon the Estates-General in 1789?

<p>To raise taxes to pay off growing debt</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the main source of income for the nobility?

<p>Feudal dues collected from peasants</p> Signup and view all the answers

What estate did commoners including the bourgeoisie, professionals, and peasants make up?

<p>Third Estate</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the Reign of Terror?

<p>A period when an estimated 40,000 people were executed by guillotine</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was NOT guaranteed by the Declaration of the Rights of Man?

<p>Equal rights for women</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is considered one of Napoleon's greatest impacts?

<p>The Napoleonic Code</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which factors contributed to France's financial crisis?

<p>Bad harvests</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the wave of peasant violence following the storming of the Bastille called?

<p>The Great Fear</p> Signup and view all the answers

What event did the Congress of Vienna accomplish?

<p>Redrew the map of Europe and restored the monarchy</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which group made up the vast majority of French society?

<p>The Third Estate</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who was Marie Antoinette married to?

<p>Louis XVI</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did the National Assembly vow in the Tennis Court Oath?

<p>To draft a constitution for France</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did the National Convention vote to declare in 1792?

<p>A republic</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happened to King Louis XVI and Queen Marie Antoinette in 1793?

<p>Executed</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who led the Reign of Terror?

<p>Maximilien Robespierre</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was one of the treasonous acts committed by Louis XVI?

<p>Trying to escape France</p> Signup and view all the answers

How did the Napoleonic Code reflect Enlightenment principles?

<p>It guaranteed equality of all citizens before the law</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where was Napoleon imprisoned after his final defeat?

<p>St. Helena</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about France's social structures is true?

<p>There was inequality among the three estates</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the political body of France called?

<p>Estates General</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who created and led the Committee of Public Safety?

<p>Maximilien Robespierre</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why did the French people welcome Napoleon?

<p>He promised order after the chaos of the Revolution</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which document declared that all men are free and equal?

<p>The Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen</p> Signup and view all the answers

What kind of government was common in Europe, including France, before the revolution?

<p>Monarchies</p> Signup and view all the answers

What caused the Great Fear?

<p>Fear that King Louis XVI would send forces to attack the peasants</p> Signup and view all the answers

What were some of the causes of the French Revolution?

<p>Deficit spending, inequality among estates, reckless spending, high taxes</p> Signup and view all the answers

What governing body wrote the second constitution and changed the French government?

<p>National Convention</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are three ways Napoleon impacted France and Europe?

<p>Spread Enlightenment ideas, Napoleonic Code, French National Banking</p> Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Social Structure in Pre-Revolutionary France

  • France had three estates: First Estate (clergy), Second Estate (nobility), and Third Estate (commoners).
  • The First Estate comprised 1% of the population, primarily Roman Catholic clergy.
  • The Second Estate consisted of nobles who paid minimal taxes.
  • The Third Estate made up 97% of France's population, including bourgeoisie, professionals, peasants, and urban workers.

Key Events and Terms

  • The Bastille was a notorious prison in Paris, stormed on July 14, 1789, marking the beginning of the French Revolution.
  • The Great Fear spread across rural France following the storming of the Bastille, driven by fears of royal reprisals against the peasantry.
  • King Louis XVI convened the Estates-General in 1789 to address the financial crisis and raise taxes.

The French Revolution

  • The National Assembly was formed by the Third Estate, vowing to draft a new constitution in the Tennis Court Oath.
  • In 1792, the monarchy was abolished, and France was proclaimed a republic.
  • King Louis XVI and Queen Marie Antoinette were executed in 1793.
  • The Reign of Terror saw around 40,000 executions, led by Maximilien Robespierre through the Committee of Public Safety.

Revolutionary Ideals and Documents

  • The Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen proclaimed that all men are free and equal, although it did not grant equal rights to women.
  • The Napoleonic Code established legal equality for citizens, reflecting Enlightenment principles.

Consequences and Aftermath

  • The Congress of Vienna aimed to restore the monarchy and redraw the political map of Europe.
  • After his defeat in 1815, Napoleon was exiled to St. Helena.
  • Political inequality existed within estate structures, contributing to revolutionary sentiments.

Financial Crisis and Societal Issues

  • Factors leading to the French Revolution included deficit spending, food shortages from bad harvests, and heavy taxes on the Third Estate.
  • The nobility's income was primarily derived from feudal dues extracted from peasants.

Historical Figures

  • Marie Antoinette, wife of Louis XVI, symbolized royal excess and appeared disconnected from her subjects’ hardships.
  • Robespierre emerged as a leading figure during the Reign of Terror, advocating radical measures against perceived enemies of the revolution.

Legacy of the Revolution

  • Napoleon’s influence included the spread of Enlightenment ideas, establishment of the Napoleonic Code, and initiation of a French national banking system.
  • The ultimate changes led to a shift towards democratic governance in France with the establishment of various republics following the revolution.

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Explore key terms from the French Revolution with these flashcards. Each card provides essential definitions that help you understand the social classes, significant locations, and events of 18th-century France. Ideal for students studying French history.

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