French Revolution: Causes and Consequences
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Questions and Answers

What was De La Fare's proposal regarding Jews in France instead of granting them citizenship?

  • To send them back to their country of origin
  • To convert them to Christianity
  • To grant them immediate citizenship
  • To establish a committee to revise laws involving Jews (correct)

Napoleon Bonaparte was born in France.

False (B)

What year did the Spehardi Jews receive citizenship in France?

1790

Napoleon proclaimed himself Emperor in _____ (year).

<p>1804</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following years with significant events related to Jews in France:

<p>1790 = Spehardi Jews received citizenship 1791 = Ashkenazi Jews received citizenship 1806 = Creation of the French Sanhedrin 1804 = Napoleon proclaimed himself Emperor</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was one of the complaints made by non-Jews in Alsace-Lorraine about Jews in 1806?

<p>Jews were monopolizing real estate. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The French Sanhedrin was created to investigate Jewish loyalty to France.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What temporary action was taken against Jews in Alsace-Lorraine during the investigation?

<p>A moratorium on real estate purchases</p> Signup and view all the answers

Napoleon offered stability to France as a general during the coup of 18 _____ (number).

<p>Brumaire</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following questions was NOT asked to the Jews by the Sanhedrin?

<p>Can Jews own businesses? (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary concern of Jewish law regarding intermarriage?

<p>Marrying someone who practices idolatry (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Jewish law prohibits Jews from marrying Christians under any circumstances.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who appoints Rabbis in Jewish communities?

<p>Chiefs of the Jewish community</p> Signup and view all the answers

Jewish parents are instructed to teach their children different __________.

<p>professions</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following terms related to anti-Semitism with their definitions:

<p>Classical Anti-Semitism = Religious-based discrimination against Jews Modern Anti-Semitism = Discrimination based on racial theories Dreyfus Affair = Political scandal revealing deep-rooted anti-Semitism Racial Anti-Semitism = Discrimination justified by race theory</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which nations did Jewish law specifically prohibit intermarriage with?

<p>Both B and C (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Jews see France as a foreign country and do not obey its laws.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What loophole allows Jews to charge interest to non-Jews?

<p>If the money is borrowed for business or commercial ventures.</p> Signup and view all the answers

The concept of __________ is often used to refer to lending money at high interest.

<p>usury</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the general view of most Jewish religious leaders towards interfaith marriages?

<p>They are generally against interfaith marriages. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of 'dina d'malchuta dina' in Jewish law?

<p>The law of the land is the law.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Rabbis hold significant official power over the French people.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In racial anti-Semitism, it is believed that some races are inherently __________ than others.

<p>inferior</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did the phrase 'The Jews should be denied everything as a nation' indicate in relation to citizenship?

<p>It shows a dichotomy between individual rights and national recognition.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What position did Louis XVI hold during the French Revolution in 1789?

<p>King of France (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The 3rd estate in France represented the majority of the population.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the purpose of the Tennis Court Oath?

<p>To vow to create a constitution for France and ensure the representation of the 3rd estate.</p> Signup and view all the answers

The majority of Jews in France during the 18th century were from ________.

<p>Alsace-Lorraine</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following groups of Jews with their characteristics:

<p>Ashkenazi = Spoke Yiddish, self-ghettoized, poorer Sephardi = Spoke Ladino and French, Wealthier Bordeaux Jews = Acculturated, lived with non-Jews</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which event marked the beginning of the violent phase of the French Revolution?

<p>Storming of the Bastille (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Marie Antoinette was supportive of the 3rd estate.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who was John Paul Mara?

<p>A journalist who published a newspaper expressing anger toward the monarchy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

The charter created by the National Assembly was called the _________.

<p>Declaration of Rights of Man</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why did the lower classes storm the Bastille?

<p>To obtain gunpowder for defense (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Count Clermont Tonnerre was against the inclusion of Jews in French society.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a significant consequence of the National Assembly's actions during the revolution?

<p>The establishment of the principle of equality and rights for all men.</p> Signup and view all the answers

The slogan of the National Assembly was ________, ________, and ________.

<p>Liberate, Egalite, Fraternite</p> Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of the French population was Jewish in 1789?

<p>0.01% (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Jewish Marriage to Non-Jews

Jewish law does not forbid marriage to non-Jews, but the marriage must include proper religious ceremonies like Kiddushin.

7 Canaanite Nations

Certain marriages were forbidden according to Jewish law, especially with members of the 7 Canaanite nations, and specific other groups, often due to different religions, cultures, or practices.

Interfaith Marriages

Marriages between Jews and non-Jews, while not forbidden by Jewish law in all places, received different levels of acceptance and opposition, both historically and within diverse Jewish communities/teachings.

Frenchmen as Brethren

Jews considered Frenchmen as their brothers, emphasizing commonalities (Shared homeland, laws, similar treatment) to illustrate a point of shared experience and mutual respect.

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Jewish Conduct Towards Non-Jews

Jewish law didn't prescribe different treatment between Jews and non-Jews, suggesting that all people under a nation's laws are treated as citizens with equal status and respect.

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Jewish Loyalty to France

Jews viewed France as their homeland, and they felt a duty to adhere to French laws and defend the nation.

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Rabbi Appointment

Jewish community leaders (often wealthy families) chose Rabbis.

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Rabbi Power

Rabbis' authority was limited, mainly within the Sanhedrin, not over non-Jewish people or general French law.

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Rabbi Selection Method

The selection of Rabbis, while seemingly based on custom

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Torah Restricted Professions

There were no specific professions prohibited to Jews in accordance with the Torah.

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Jewish Justification of Usury

Jewish teachings allowed the possibility of charging interest as long as the loan is for a venture, business or commercial reasons.

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Classical Antisemitism

Religious-based prejudice towards Jews.

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Modern Antisemitism

Resurgence of antisemitism, often influenced by events and perceptions.

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Racial Antisemitism

Antisemitism based on racial theories.

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Race Theory

Set of concepts explaining human variation and differences.

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Usury

Lending money with interest.

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Jewish Citizenship in France (1790-1791)

Spehardi and Ashkenazi Jews gained citizenship in France in 1790 and 1791, respectively

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De La Fare's Proposal for Jews

Instead of citizenship, he proposed a committee to revise Jewish laws.

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Napoleon Bonaparte

French military leader who rose to power in 1799, ending the revolution.

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Napoleon's 1806 Action

Issued a moratorium on Jewish real estate purchases in Alsace-Lorraine.

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French Sanhedrin

A Jewish court created in 1806 to gauge Jewish loyalty to France.

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Sanhedrin Questions

Legal questions regarding Jewish laws put by French government about marriage and divorce to judge loyalty.

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Moratorium

A temporary prohibition on real estate purchases by Jews

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Jewish Business in France

Jews began engaging in business and property ownership after gaining citizenship rights.

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Alsace-Lorraine Complaints

Non-Jews in Alsace-Lorraine complained that Jews were dominating real estate and business

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Jewish Loyalty

The French government questioned Jewish people about their loyalty to France.

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French Revolution

A period of radical social and political upheaval in France (roughly 1789-1799)

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Louis XVI

King of France during the French Revolution

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Marie Antoinette

Queen of France during the French Revolution

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Estates General

Assembly of the three estates (clergy, nobility, commoners)

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Storming of the Bastille

A Paris mob attack on a royal fortress, a pivotal event in the Revolution

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Declaration of the Rights of Man

French document declaring equality and rights for all men

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National Assembly

Political body formed after the Tennis Court Oath

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Tennis Court Oath

Vow by the National Assembly to create a constitutional monarchy

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Jewish Population in 18th Century France

A very small percentage of the total French population

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Unequal social systems

Pre-revolutionary social structure in old Regime

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Antisemitism

Prejudice against Jews

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Ashkenazi Jews

From Central/Eastern European ancestry

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Sephardi Jews

Jews from the Iberian peninsula (Spain/Portugal)

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Alsace-Lorraine

Traditional Jewish populations, largely Ashkenazi

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Bordeaux

Area with a significant Sephardi Jewish population

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Study Notes

French Revolution - Lead Up and Outcomes

  • Louis XVI, king of France in 1789, was very young and unprepared for his role.
  • The representative assembly before the Revolution consisted of the clergy (1st estate, 300 delegates), nobility (2nd estate, 300 delegates), and the majority of the people (3rd estate, 600 delegates). The 3rd estate represented 97% of the population.
  • The bourgeoisie was a new intellectual class within the 3rd estate.
  • In early July 1789, Louis XVI prepared 30,000 troops in Paris to attack the National Assembly, leading to a popular uprising.
  • The people stormed the Bastille to seize gunpowder, leading to the death of the guard and the destruction of the prison.
  • The Bastille's destruction symbolized the Revolution.
  • The National Assembly created the Declaration of Rights of Man, establishing equality for all men.
  • Thousands of women marched to the Palace of Versailles to demand food, and the King was forced to return to Paris.
  • The King attempted escape but was captured and brought back to Paris.
  • The Revolution's early phase saw social upheaval and attempts to instill equality.

Causes of the Revolution

  • Inequality in social systems of the Ancien Régime was a major factor.
  • In 1789, France had ~26 million people, ~40,000 of whom were Jewish.

Two Phases of the Revolution

  • Non-Violent phase

Jewish History and the French Revolution

  • There were approximately 500 Jews in Paris in 1789.
  • A significant number of Jews were Ashkenazi.
  • Jewish communities in Alsace-Lorraine faced complaints about monopolizing real estate and taking advantage of non-Jewish residents.
  • A Moratorium on real estate purchases by Jews was instituted.
  • The French Sanhedrin was created in 1806.
  • Jewish men were tested by the French government to measure their loyalty.
  • Jews were granted citizenship in stages. Sepahradi Jews received citizenship in 1790, and Ashkenazi in 1791.

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Description

Explore the key events leading up to the French Revolution and its significant outcomes in this quiz. From the role of Louis XVI to the storming of the Bastille, understand the pivotal moments that shaped modern France. Test your knowledge about the National Assembly and the Declaration of Rights of Man.

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