French in Canada: History and Trade

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Questions and Answers

What was Samuel de Champlain's primary motive for arriving in Canada?

To spread French culture and language

To explore the interior land of Canada

To establish permanent settlements

To engage in the lucrative fur trade (correct)

Why did the French king support permanent settlements in Canada?

To dominate the region against Spanish influence

To enhance trade relations with indigenous nations

To improve land defense and reduce military costs (correct)

To ensure a steady supply of fur pelts

Which location was considered more optimal for French fur trading posts?

Montreal for its agricultural potential

Toronto for its central location

Port Royal due to its coastal access

Quebec for its waterways and proximity to pelts (correct)

What was the relationship between the French and indigenous peoples regarding the fur trade?

The French and indigenous peoples collaborated for mutual benefit Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes the French approach to indigenous peoples from that of the English?

The French initially had a less harmful interaction than the English Signup and view all the answers

What geographic reason made Port Royal less favorable for the fur trade?

It was on the outskirts of Canada and lacked optimal resources Signup and view all the answers

What was a key advantage of Quebec's location for the fur trade?

Proximity to an intricate system of waterways Signup and view all the answers

Which aspect of the fur trade was critical for Samuel de Champlain's success?

Collaboration with indigenous peoples for resources Signup and view all the answers

What were most First Nations' reasons for participating in the fur trade?

To acquire goods and benefits in exchange for pelts Signup and view all the answers

What was the main reason the Acadians refused to take an oath of loyalty to the British King?

Their religious beliefs prevented loyalty to a monarch. Signup and view all the answers

Which two islands did Britain allow France to keep according to the Treaty of Utrecht?

Île Saint Jean and Île Royale Signup and view all the answers

What were the Beaver Wars primarily about?

Access to Northern pelts between the French and Iroquois. Signup and view all the answers

Which event allowed Britain control over much of Acadia?

The conclusion of the War of Spanish Succession. Signup and view all the answers

What mistake did Britain make regarding the fortification of Louisbourg?

They granted French control of the waterways. Signup and view all the answers

During which war did the British attack Louisbourg?

War of Austrian Succession Signup and view all the answers

What was the outcome for the Acadians after their refusal to swear loyalty to the British Crown in 1755?

Nothing significant happened to them at that time. Signup and view all the answers

Which Indigenous group sided with the British during the Beaver Wars?

Iroquois Signup and view all the answers

What resulted from the Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle?

The return of Île Royal to France. Signup and view all the answers

What significant event occurred in Acadia in 1755?

The deportation of Acadians. Signup and view all the answers

What was a consequence of the French building the fort 'Louisbourg'?

It restricted British naval access to Quebec. Signup and view all the answers

Which allied Indigenous groups fought alongside the French against the Iroquois?

Huron and Algonquin Signup and view all the answers

What was the fate of Acadia after many British colonists arrived?

It was renamed to Nova Scotia. Signup and view all the answers

What characterized the relationship between the Acadians and the British after the War of Spanish Succession?

Skepticism about Acadian loyalty. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

French in Canada

Samuel de Champlain arrived in the 17th century, seeking profitable fur trade opportunities, not colonization.
The French monarchy sought permanent settlements for easier defense and reduced military expenses.
Port Royal was a strategically poor fur trading post, located on the outskirts of Canada.
Quebec, located inland and near waterways, offered better access for fur trade, making it more viable.
Champlain relied on Indigenous people's knowledge of the land for efficient fur trading.
The French prioritized the fur trade, while the English focused on agriculture.
Mutual benefit existed between first nations and French in fur trade.

Timeline: Fate of the Acadians and New France

Beaver Wars involved Iroquois and French-allied Huron and Algonquin, over fur trade.
The War of Spanish Succession (1702-1713) awarded Britain control of much of Acadia.
Acadians refused to take oaths of loyalty to the British Crown, because it meant rejecting the authority of the Pope.
Acadians faced deportation because of their refusal to swear loyalty.
France initially kept Île Saint Jean and Île Royal.
The French built a fort "Louisbourg" in Cape Breton.

War of Austrian Succession (1740-1748)

British seized control of Louisbourg.
Many Acadians supported French, further complicating political relations.
Ile Royale (Cape Breton) was returned to France.
Deportation of Acadians occurred in 1755.

New France by 1750

New France experienced significant growth over 150 years.
The nature of the fur trade hindered permanent settlement.
British colonies in North America, focused on farming, grew rapidly.
European conflicts like the War of Spanish Succession contributed to French losses of territory.

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Description

Explore the impact of French settlement in Canada during the 17th century, focusing on fur trade and relations with Indigenous peoples. Understand the strategic choices made by Samuel de Champlain and the influence of historical events like the Beaver Wars and the War of Spanish Succession on Acadian fate.