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Questions and Answers
Questions and Answers
When do cohesive effects grow larger?
When do cohesive effects grow larger?
- When particles become larger
- When particles become smaller (correct)
- When ingredients separate
- When agglomeration is prevented
What is a common problem in direct compression applications?
What is a common problem in direct compression applications?
- Cohesive effects (correct)
- Electrostatic charging
- Separation of ingredients
- Use of smaller particles
What ingredient typically shows a tendency to agglomerate?
What ingredient typically shows a tendency to agglomerate?
- The API (Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient) (correct)
- The excipient
- The binder
- The filler
Which of the following is one mechanisms drive the dynamic formation of agglomerates in a blender except:
Which of the following is one mechanisms drive the dynamic formation of agglomerates in a blender except:
What is another mechanism that can lead to the development of solid or capillary bridges between ingredients?
What is another mechanism that can lead to the development of solid or capillary bridges between ingredients?
Which type of materials can sequester moisture from other ingredients?
Which type of materials can sequester moisture from other ingredients?
What ingredient can be used to soften low melting point ingredients in the blender?
What ingredient can be used to soften low melting point ingredients in the blender?
which of the following is correct type of solids are considered free flowing ?
which of the following is correct type of solids are considered free flowing ?
Which equipment is suitable for cohesive solids?
Which equipment is suitable for cohesive solids?
Batch type(small scale): Ribbon blender, Sigma blender, Planetary paddle, Fluidized mixer
Batch type(small scale): Ribbon blender, Sigma blender, Planetary paddle, Fluidized mixer
Continuous type(large scale): barrel type, zigzag type
Continuous type(large scale): barrel type, zigzag type
What is the common range of rotation speed for a tumbler mixer?
What is the common range of rotation speed for a tumbler mixer?
Which of the following equipments is used for free flowing solids dosage form?
Which of the following equipments is used for free flowing solids dosage form?
What affects the efficiency of a tumbler mixer?
What affects the efficiency of a tumbler mixer?
What is the recommended speed of rotation for optimal mixing?
What is the recommended speed of rotation for optimal mixing?
What does a rapid rotation speed in a tumbler mixer result in?
What does a rapid rotation speed in a tumbler mixer result in?
Which of the following is correct a slow rotation speed in a tumbler mixer result in?
Which of the following is correct a slow rotation speed in a tumbler mixer result in?
Tumblers : Mixing is done by tumbling motion, which is emphasized by feature of the shape of the container.
Tumblers : Mixing is done by tumbling motion, which is emphasized by feature of the shape of the container.
What material is a V cone blender made of?
What material is a V cone blender made of?
What is the shape of a V cone blender?
What is the shape of a V cone blender?
Approximately what percentage of the total volume is loaded with material in a twin shell blender?
Approximately what percentage of the total volume is loaded with material in a twin shell blender?
What is the rotation speed of small models (20 kg) of a twin shell blender?
What is the rotation speed of small models (20 kg) of a twin shell blender?
What is the rotation speed of large models (1 ton) of a twin shell blender?
What is the rotation speed of large models (1 ton) of a twin shell blender?
What type of motion does the material undergo as the blender rotates?
What type of motion does the material undergo as the blender rotates?
What happens when the V shape of the blender is reversed?
What happens when the V shape of the blender is reversed?
What is a double cone blender?
What is a double cone blender?
What is the recommended range of rotation speed for a double cone blender?
What is the recommended range of rotation speed for a double cone blender?
Which type of motion is responsible for mixing in a double cone blender?
Which type of motion is responsible for mixing in a double cone blender?
What type of materials is a double cone blender usually efficient for mixing?
What type of materials is a double cone blender usually efficient for mixing?
Which of the following is true about a double cone blender?
Which of the following is true about a double cone blender?
What is the importance of the rate of rotation in a double cone blender?
What is the importance of the rate of rotation in a double cone blender?
Double cone blender is usually used for small amount of powders.
Double cone blender is usually used for small amount of powders.
Which of the following is a disadvantage of using a twin shell blender?
Which of the following is a disadvantage of using a twin shell blender?
Which blender is suitable for blending fragile granules with minimum attrition?
Which blender is suitable for blending fragile granules with minimum attrition?
What is one advantage of V cone blender and double cone blenders?
What is one advantage of V cone blender and double cone blenders?
Which of the following is Correct advantages Advantages of V cone blender and double cone blenders:
Which of the following is Correct advantages Advantages of V cone blender and double cone blenders:
Which of the following is correct Disadvantages of V cone blender and double cone blenders:
Which of the following is correct Disadvantages of V cone blender and double cone blenders:
All of the following is correct Advantages of tumblers with blades except :
All of the following is correct Advantages of tumblers with blades except :
Which of the following is correct Disdvantages of tumblers with blades except :
Which of the following is correct Disdvantages of tumblers with blades except :
What type of motion is responsible for mixing in a ribbon blender?
What type of motion is responsible for mixing in a ribbon blender?
What is the construction of a ribbon blender?
What is the construction of a ribbon blender?
What is the effect of high shear rates in cohesive solids dosage forms?
What is the effect of high shear rates in cohesive solids dosage forms?
What is the recommended loading and emptying method for a ribbon blender?
What is the recommended loading and emptying method for a ribbon blender?
What type of blender design is described as efficient and cost effective for dry mixing?
What type of blender design is described as efficient and cost effective for dry mixing?
In which type of blender is liquid addition best accomplished through the use of spray nozzles installed in a spray bar located just above the agitator?
In which type of blender is liquid addition best accomplished through the use of spray nozzles installed in a spray bar located just above the agitator?
For blends that require a gentler mixing action, which type of agitator can be utilized in the same trough as the ribbons?
For blends that require a gentler mixing action, which type of agitator can be utilized in the same trough as the ribbons?
The Ribbon Blender : ribbons rotate with tip speeds of approximately 200 rpm
The Ribbon Blender : ribbons rotate with tip speeds of approximately 200 rpm
Which of the following are true uses of a ribbon blender?
Which of the following are true uses of a ribbon blender?
What is a disadvantage of a ribbon blender?
What is a disadvantage of a ribbon blender?
How does a ribbon blender achieve high shear?
How does a ribbon blender achieve high shear?
What is the shearing action like in a ribbon blender compared to a planetary mixer?
What is the shearing action like in a ribbon blender compared to a planetary mixer?
Which of the following is NOT a disadvantage of a ribbon blender?
Which of the following is NOT a disadvantage of a ribbon blender?
What type of motion does a sigma blade mixer create?
What type of motion does a sigma blade mixer create?
What is the purpose of using perforated blades in a sigma blade mixer?
What is the purpose of using perforated blades in a sigma blade mixer?
What is the result of a rapid rotation speed in a tumbler mixer?
What is the result of a rapid rotation speed in a tumbler mixer?
What is the construction of a sigma blade mixer?
What is the construction of a sigma blade mixer?
How many sigma shaped blades are fitted horizontally in each tough of the bowl?
How many sigma shaped blades are fitted horizontally in each tough of the bowl?
How is sigma blades the mixer loaded and unloaded ?
How is sigma blades the mixer loaded and unloaded ?
What is the primary use of a sigma blade mixer?
What is the primary use of a sigma blade mixer?
Which of the following is correct advantage sigma blade mixer ?
Which of the following is correct advantage sigma blade mixer ?
Whhich of the foillowing is a disadvantage of a sigma blade mixer?
Whhich of the foillowing is a disadvantage of a sigma blade mixer?
What is the sigma blade mixer suitable for in terms of drug properties?
What is the sigma blade mixer suitable for in terms of drug properties?
What is the principle mechanism of mixing in a planetary mixer?
What is the principle mechanism of mixing in a planetary mixer?
What is the construction feature that allows powder to make an upward movement in a planetary mixer?
What is the construction feature that allows powder to make an upward movement in a planetary mixer?
What drives the mixing shaft in a planetary mixer?
What drives the mixing shaft in a planetary mixer?
What type of motion is responsible for mixing in a planetary mixer?
What type of motion is responsible for mixing in a planetary mixer?
How is the mixing blade of a planetary mixer set?
How is the mixing blade of a planetary mixer set?
What type of drive is usually used for the mixing shaft in a planetary mixer?
What type of drive is usually used for the mixing shaft in a planetary mixer?
Which of the following is correct using a planetary mixer?
Which of the following is correct using a planetary mixer?
Planetary mixer Consists of vertical cylinder shell which can be removed.
Planetary mixer Consists of vertical cylinder shell which can be removed.
What is a major advantage of a planetary mixer?
What is a major advantage of a planetary mixer?
What is a common disadvantage of a planetary mixer?
What is a common disadvantage of a planetary mixer?
All of the following is a disadvantage of a planetary mixer except?
All of the following is a disadvantage of a planetary mixer except?
Planetary mixer Break down agglomerates (due to hygroscopicity or electrical charge) rapidly.
Planetary mixer Break down agglomerates (due to hygroscopicity or electrical charge) rapidly.
What is the principle mechanism of mixing in an air mixer or fluidized mixer?
What is the principle mechanism of mixing in an air mixer or fluidized mixer?
What is the construction material typically used for an air mixer or fluidized mixer?
What is the construction material typically used for an air mixer or fluidized mixer?
What type of materials are not suitable for mixing in an air mixer or fluidized mixer?
What type of materials are not suitable for mixing in an air mixer or fluidized mixer?
Which materials are suitable for mixing in an air mixer or fluidized mixer?
Which materials are suitable for mixing in an air mixer or fluidized mixer?
How does the air circulate in an air mixer or fluidized mixer?
How does the air circulate in an air mixer or fluidized mixer?
Which of the following is advantage of a fluidized mixer ?
Which of the following is advantage of a fluidized mixer ?
What is the principle behind a barrel-type continuous mixer?
What is the principle behind a barrel-type continuous mixer?
Which type of material is not shear ,not suitable for a barrel-type continuous mixer?
a.
Which type of material is not shear ,not suitable for a barrel-type continuous mixer? a.
Which of the following is correct Barrel type continuous mixer are bafflees used for in construction?
Which of the following is correct Barrel type continuous mixer are bafflees used for in construction?
Where is wet mixing commonly used in the production of tablets and capsules?
Where is wet mixing commonly used in the production of tablets and capsules?
What is dry mixing primarily used for?
What is dry mixing primarily used for?
All of the following dosage forms involve dry blending of powders except?
All of the following dosage forms involve dry blending of powders except?
True or False: Liquid mixing is not used in the production of injectable solutions.
True or False: Liquid mixing is not used in the production of injectable solutions.
Which of the following is correct Fluids mixing:
Which of the following is correct Fluids mixing:
What is one reason why mixing is important in the pharmaceutical industry?
What is one reason why mixing is important in the pharmaceutical industry?
What is an extremely common operation in the pharmaceutical industry?
What is an extremely common operation in the pharmaceutical industry?
Which of the following is correct pharmaceutical processes require or are greatly enhanced :
Which of the following is correct pharmaceutical processes require or are greatly enhanced :
What does single phase mixing refer to?
What does single phase mixing refer to?
What is another term for single phase mixing?
What is another term for single phase mixing?
What does multiphase mixing refer to?
What does multiphase mixing refer to?
Which of the following is an example of multiphase mixing?
Which of the following is an example of multiphase mixing?
What is bulk transport?
What is bulk transport?
What is turbulent mixing?
What is turbulent mixing?
How does laminar mixing occur?
How does laminar mixing occur?
What is molecular diffusion?
What is molecular diffusion?
How does turbulent flow occur?
How does turbulent flow occur?
What is the tangential component or circular flow pattern during mixing?
What is the tangential component or circular flow pattern during mixing?
What happens when there is excessive radial component during mixing?
What happens when there is excessive radial component during mixing?
What happens when the shaft is placed vertically and centrally with tangential flow during mixing?
What happens when the shaft is placed vertically and centrally with tangential flow during mixing?
What is the radial component flow pattern during mixing?
What is the radial component flow pattern during mixing?
What is the (Axial component or longitudinal or vertical )flow pattern during mixing?
What is the (Axial component or longitudinal or vertical )flow pattern during mixing?
How does inadequate longitudinal component affect the mixing process?
How does inadequate longitudinal component affect the mixing process?
When is the adequate longitudinal pattern best used during mixing?
When is the adequate longitudinal pattern best used during mixing?
When are baffles typically used?
When are baffles typically used?
Baffles are not used in laminar flow (high viscosity fluids)
Baffles are not used in laminar flow (high viscosity fluids)
Which type of flow is characterized by parallel layers?
Which type of flow is characterized by parallel layers?
What is another name for laminar flow?
What is another name for laminar flow?
Which type of flow has the absence of disruption between fluid layers?
Which type of flow has the absence of disruption between fluid layers?
What are the three types of mixing devices classified based on shape and pitch?
What are the three types of mixing devices classified based on shape and pitch?
What are the different flow patterns during mixing?
What are the different flow patterns during mixing?
How many blades does a propeller usually have in liquid ?
How many blades does a propeller usually have in liquid ?
What determines whether a propeller's blades are right or left handed?
What determines whether a propeller's blades are right or left handed?
When are two or more propellers used?
When are two or more propellers used?
What is the primary effect of a propeller?
What is the primary effect of a propeller?
What is the typical size of a propeller?
What is the typical size of a propeller?
Which of the following is correct Advantages of propellers:
Which of the following is correct Advantages of propellers:
What is the maximum viscosity for effective propeller use?
What is the maximum viscosity for effective propeller use?
Propellers are ineffective with liquids of viscosity greater than:
Propellers are ineffective with liquids of viscosity greater than:
What kind of liquid are propellers ineffective with?
a.
What kind of liquid are propellers ineffective with? a.
What does the diameter of the turbine range from?
What does the diameter of the turbine range from?
True or False: Turbines rotate at a higher speed than propellers.
True or False: Turbines rotate at a higher speed than propellers.
What type of flow does a flat blade turbine produce as the speed increases?
What type of flow does a flat blade turbine produce as the speed increases?
True or False: Shear produced by turbines can be increased using a diffuser ring
True or False: Shear produced by turbines can be increased using a diffuser ring
What passes through the perforations in a diffuser ring?
What passes through the perforations in a diffuser ring?
What is observed in the impeller zone of rapid currents?
d. Smooth flow
What is observed in the impeller zone of rapid currents? d. Smooth flow
What is the typical speed range of turbines?
What is the typical speed range of turbines?
What shape can the blades of a turbine be?
What shape can the blades of a turbine be?
What is the purpose of a diffuser ring?
What is the purpose of a diffuser ring?
Which of the following is an advantage of turbines?
Which of the following is an advantage of turbines?
Turbines are effective for which type of solutions?
Turbines are effective for which type of solutions?
What do turbines do in low viscous materials of large volumes?
What do turbines do in low viscous materials of large volumes?
What percentage of solids can turbines handle in slurries?
What percentage of solids can turbines handle in slurries?
When are turbines suitable for liquids?
When are turbines suitable for liquids?
Which of the following statements about turbines is NOT true?
Which of the following statements about turbines is NOT true?
What does a paddle consist of?
What does a paddle consist of?
What shape can the blades of a paddle be?
What shape can the blades of a paddle be?
At what speed do paddles rotate?
At what speed do paddles rotate?
How do paddles push the liquid?
How do paddles push the liquid?
At low speeds, what type of agitation do paddles provide in unbaffled tanks?
At low speeds, what type of agitation do paddles provide in unbaffled tanks?
Paddles :At very low speeds it gives mild agitation in unbaffled tank but as for high speeds baffles are necessary
Paddles :At very low speeds it gives mild agitation in unbaffled tank but as for high speeds baffles are necessary
Vortex formation is NOT possible with paddle impellers because of:
Vortex formation is NOT possible with paddle impellers because of:
Which of the following is a disadvantage of paddles?
Which of the following is a disadvantage of paddles?
What can cause the formation of a vortex near the impeller shaft?
What can cause the formation of a vortex near the impeller shaft?
Vortex formation reduces mixing intensity by:
Vortex formation reduces mixing intensity by:
When a vortex reaches the impeller, what happens?
When a vortex reaches the impeller, what happens?
What can entrapped air in the fluid cause in certain cases?
What can entrapped air in the fluid cause in certain cases?
How can air bubbles in the fluid affect the loading of the impeller blades?
How can air bubbles in the fluid affect the loading of the impeller blades?
Which position of the impeller can help avoid symmetry and prevent vortex formation?
Which position of the impeller can help avoid symmetry and prevent vortex formation?
When using baffled containers, how should the impeller be mounted?
When using baffled containers, how should the impeller be mounted?
What is the purpose of the push and pull mechanism in preventing vortex formation?
What is the purpose of the push and pull mechanism in preventing vortex formation?
Which shapes are used to prevent vortex formation?
Which shapes are used to prevent vortex formation?
What is the purpose of draft tubes?
What is the purpose of draft tubes?
Where are draft tubes mounted in case of turbines?
Where are draft tubes mounted in case of turbines?
What are some uses of draft tubes?
What are some uses of draft tubes?
What is one disadvantage of draft tubes?
What is one disadvantage of draft tubes?
What is the purpose of inserting a draft tube in a tank?
What is the purpose of inserting a draft tube in a tank?
TRUE OR FALSE When solid particles tend to float on the surface of the liquid, they are dispersed using draft tubes
TRUE OR FALSE When solid particles tend to float on the surface of the liquid, they are dispersed using draft tubes
Which of the following is NOT a material-related factor : (physical properties )that influences the choice of mixers in tanks
Which of the following is NOT a material-related factor : (physical properties )that influences the choice of mixers in tanks
Which of the following is an equipment-related factor that influences the choice of mixers?
Which of the following is an equipment-related factor that influences the choice of mixers?
Which of the following is an process -related factor that influences the choice of mixers?
Which of the following is an process -related factor that influences the choice of mixers?
All of the following is correct Equipment for Liquid mixing except :
All of the following is correct Equipment for Liquid mixing except :
What is the principle of an air jet mixer?
What is the principle of an air jet mixer?
What is the construction method used for an air jet mixer?
What is the construction method used for an air jet mixer?
What type of liquids are recommended for mixing by an air jet mixer?
What type of liquids are recommended for mixing by an air jet mixer?
How many jets are typically arranged radially in a cluster in the center of a jet mixing system?
How many jets are typically arranged radially in a cluster in the center of a jet mixing system?
What is the name given to the cluster of jets in an jet mixer?
What is the name given to the cluster of jets in an jet mixer?
What is the purpose of a suction chamber in an individual jet?
What is the purpose of a suction chamber in an individual jet?
At what velocity does the pressurized fluid typically flow through the primary nozzle for low shear mixing?
At what velocity does the pressurized fluid typically flow through the primary nozzle for low shear mixing?
What is the primary purpose of the jet mixer described ?
What is the primary purpose of the jet mixer described ?
What velocity range is typically used for high shear mixing in the jet mixer?
What velocity range is typically used for high shear mixing in the jet mixer?
What does the plume formed by the jet mixer primarily do?
What does the plume formed by the jet mixer primarily do?
What is the purpose of the primary nozzles in the jet mixer?
What is the purpose of the primary nozzles in the jet mixer?
What type of pump is typically used to supply the liquid to be mixed?
What type of pump is typically used to supply the liquid to be mixed?
The range of applications for liquid jet mixers is
only limited by the viscosity of the liquid to be mixed
The range of applications for liquid jet mixers is only limited by the viscosity of the liquid to be mixed
What are the situations in which jet mixers are used?
What are the situations in which jet mixers are used?
What type of fluids are jet mixers most efficient for?
What type of fluids are jet mixers most efficient for?
Which of the following is generally more efficient for higher viscosity fluids?
Which of the following is generally more efficient for higher viscosity fluids?
Which of the following is NOT a type of dosage form that requires liquid mixing?
Which of the following is NOT a type of dosage form that requires liquid mixing?
All of the following is correct influence the actual flow of heat through the film except:
All of the following is correct influence the actual flow of heat through the film except:
What happens to the heat transfer film when the liquid movement becomes faster?
What happens to the heat transfer film when the liquid movement becomes faster?
What does the moving liquid in a vessel establish on the surface of the heat transfer barrier?
What does the moving liquid in a vessel establish on the surface of the heat transfer barrier?
Which part of the vessel is used for circulating heating and cooling fluid?
Which part of the vessel is used for circulating heating and cooling fluid?
Which of the following is NOT a stage in the preparation of fine emulsion?
Which of the following is NOT a stage in the preparation of fine emulsion?
What equipment can be used to prepare a coarse emulsion?
What equipment can be used to prepare a coarse emulsion?
manufacturing of emulsions Also known as homogenizer as it results in fine emulsion
manufacturing of emulsions Also known as homogenizer as it results in fine emulsion
The flow properties of liquids can be categorized as:
The flow properties of liquids can be categorized as:
Which of the following is NOT a factor influencing the selection of an emulsifier?
Which of the following is NOT a factor influencing the selection of an emulsifier?
How does the Silverson mixer emulsifier produce intense shearing forces?
How does the Silverson mixer emulsifier produce intense shearing forces?
What is the purpose of the circulation of material in the Silverson mixer emulsifier?
What is the purpose of the circulation of material in the Silverson mixer emulsifier?
How does circulation of material take place in the Silverson mixer emulsifier?
How does circulation of material take place in the Silverson mixer emulsifier?
What does the central portion of the Silverson mixer emulsifier consist of?
What does the central portion of the Silverson mixer emulsifier consist of?
What surrounds the blades in the Silverson mixer emulsifier?
What surrounds the blades in the Silverson mixer emulsifier?
What is the Silverson® mixer used for?
What is the Silverson® mixer used for?
Silverson® mixer is commonly used for which type of liquid?
Silverson® mixer is commonly used for which type of liquid?
What is one disadvantage of the Silverson® mixer?
What is one disadvantage of the Silverson® mixer?
Which of the following is correct advantages of the Silverson® mixer?
Which of the following is correct advantages of the Silverson® mixer?
What is a colloid mill used for?
What is a colloid mill used for?
How does a colloid mill work on the rotor-stator?
How does a colloid mill work on the rotor-stator?
What is the material used to construct the rotor and stator in a colloid mill?
What is the material used to construct the rotor and stator in a colloid mill?
In a colloid mill, where does the shearing action take place?
In a colloid mill, where does the shearing action take place?
What factors affect the size of the final product obtained after comminution?
What factors affect the size of the final product obtained after comminution?
What is the main use of a colloid mill?
What is the main use of a colloid mill?
What is the primary use of a colloid mill?
What is the primary use of a colloid mill?
which of the following is correct is one advantage of colloid mills?
which of the following is correct is one advantage of colloid mills?
Pharmaceutical nano emulsions can be administered through which routes?
Pharmaceutical nano emulsions can be administered through which routes?
What type of emulsion is commonly used as an intravenous source of fatty acids in the pharmaceutical industry?
What type of emulsion is commonly used as an intravenous source of fatty acids in the pharmaceutical industry?
What are nano emulsions used for in the pharmaceutical industry?
What are nano emulsions used for in the pharmaceutical industry?
What happens to a liquid when it is subjected to ultrasonic vibrations?
What happens to a liquid when it is subjected to ultrasonic vibrations?
What is the principle behind the ultrasonic emulsifier?
What is the principle behind the ultrasonic emulsifier?
Which part of the ultrasonic emulsifier is connected to the inlet and outlet tubes?
Which part of the ultrasonic emulsifier is connected to the inlet and outlet tubes?
What does the thin blade in the ultrasonic emulsifier do?
What does the thin blade in the ultrasonic emulsifier do?
What is one disadvantage of using a rapisonic emulsifier?
What is one disadvantage of using a rapisonic emulsifier?
Which of the following is correct advantage of using a Rapisonic emulsifier?
Which of the following is correct advantage of using a Rapisonic emulsifier?
All of the following is correct advantage of using a Rapisonic emulsifier?
All of the following is correct advantage of using a Rapisonic emulsifier?
All of the following is correct examples of semisolid dosage forms except?
All of the following is correct examples of semisolid dosage forms except?
Which property do some semisolids exhibit when it comes to viscosity and shear rates?
Which property do some semisolids exhibit when it comes to viscosity and shear rates?
What happens when mechanical energy is applied to the material during mixing?
What happens when mechanical energy is applied to the material during mixing?
The speed must be changed accordingly to thixotropic, plastic and pseudo plastic materials.
The speed must be changed accordingly to thixotropic, plastic and pseudo plastic materials.
Mixing of semisolids :The mixing action include combination of low speed shear, smearing, wiping, folding, stretching and compressing.
Mixing of semisolids :The mixing action include combination of low speed shear, smearing, wiping, folding, stretching and compressing.
Which of the following is an example of an agitator mixer?
Which of the following is an example of an agitator mixer?
Which type of mixer is used for shearing materials?
Which type of mixer is used for shearing materials?
All of the following is correct Selection of mixing equipment for semi solids except:
All of the following is correct Selection of mixing equipment for semi solids except:
What is the purpose of a triple roller mill?
What is the purpose of a triple roller mill?
What are the rollers of a triple roller mill made of?
What are the rollers of a triple roller mill made of?
Which roller of a triple roller mill rotates at the highest speed?
Which roller of a triple roller mill rotates at the highest speed?
Which of the following statements is true about three roll mills?
Which of the following statements is true about three roll mills?
Which of the following is correct Advantages of triple roller mill :
Which of the following is correct Advantages of triple roller mill :
Questions and Answers
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Flashcards
Flashcards
Cohesive Effects
Cohesive Effects
Increased cohesiveness in materials due to moisture content or elasticity.
Powder Agglomeration
Powder Agglomeration
The clumping together of powders, leading to uneven mixing.
Materials Prone to Agglomeration
Materials Prone to Agglomeration
Sugars and certain polymers
Agglomeration Drivers
Agglomeration Drivers
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Capillary Bridges
Capillary Bridges
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Hydrophilic Materials
Hydrophilic Materials
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Batch Mixing Equipment
Batch Mixing Equipment
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Continuous Mixing Equipment
Continuous Mixing Equipment
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Tumbler Mixer Speed
Tumbler Mixer Speed
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Tumbler Mixer Efficiency
Tumbler Mixer Efficiency
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V Cone/Double Cone Blenders
V Cone/Double Cone Blenders
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Twin Shell Blender Capacity
Twin Shell Blender Capacity
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Twin Shell Blender Speed vs Size
Twin Shell Blender Speed vs Size
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Ribbon Blender Mixing
Ribbon Blender Mixing
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Sigma Blade Mixer Feature
Sigma Blade Mixer Feature
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Planetary Mixer Motion
Planetary Mixer Motion
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Cone Blender Advantage
Cone Blender Advantage
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Ribbon Blender Benefit
Ribbon Blender Benefit
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Planetary Mixer Benefit
Planetary Mixer Benefit
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Planetary Mixer Drawback
Planetary Mixer Drawback
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Fluidized Mixer Function
Fluidized Mixer Function
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Liquid Mixing Importance
Liquid Mixing Importance
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Dry Blending Importance
Dry Blending Importance
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Single-Phase Mixing
Single-Phase Mixing
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Multiphase Mixing
Multiphase Mixing
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Turbulent Mixing
Turbulent Mixing
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Laminar Mixing
Laminar Mixing
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Molecular Diffusion
Molecular Diffusion
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Mixing Goal
Mixing Goal
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Mixing's Primary Result
Mixing's Primary Result
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Flashcards
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Study Notes
Study Notes
Cohesive Effects and Compression Applications
- Cohesive effects increase significantly when materials have high moisture content or when they are highly elastic.
- A common issue in direct compression applications is the tendency of some powders to agglomerate, which can lead to uneven mixing and dosage inaccuracies.
- Ingredients like sugars and certain polymers typically show a tendency to agglomerate during mixing.
Agglomeration Mechanisms
- Dynamic formation of agglomerates can be driven by mechanisms such as mechanical shear, friction, or electrostatic forces, but not by simple gravitational forces.
- Capillary bridges between ingredients can form as a result of moisture absorption, creating additional cohesion.
- Hydrophilic materials can sequester moisture from other ingredients, which can aggravate agglomeration.
Blending Equipment and Techniques
- Common equipment for cohesive solids includes ribbon blenders, sigma blenders, planetary paddles, and fluidized mixers in batch applications, while barrel and zigzag types serve continuous processing.
- Tumbler mixers typically operate within a rotation speed range of about 20-60 RPM for effective mixing.
- Efficient tumbler mixer operation depends on factors such as the load volume, the materials being mixed, and the mixer design.
Blender Specifications
- V cone and double cone blenders have a conical shape aiding in bulk mixing and powder flow.
- Twin shell blenders can hold about 40-70% of their total volume for effective mixing.
- Small twin shell blenders (20 kg) rotate at approximately 30 RPM, whereas larger versions (1 ton) may rotate at 15 RPM.
Mixing Mechanisms
- Mixing in a ribbon blender occurs through the motion of ribbons that move material in different directions.
- Sigma blade mixers have perforated blades to enhance mixing and reduce dead zones within the mixer.
- Planetary mixers create an upward movement of powder through their unique construction, utilizing vertical and horizontal mixing motions.
Advantages and Disadvantages of Mixers
- V cone and double cone blenders are known for gentle mixing of fragile powders to minimize attrition.
- Ribbon blenders are cost-effective for dry mixing but can have drawbacks such as incomplete mixing in some cases.
- A major advantage of planetary mixers is their ability to break down agglomerates quickly, although their design may limit batch sizes and mixing speed options.
Mixers in Liquid and Dry Processes
- Fluidized mixers leverage air circulation to lift and suspend powders for even blending, while avoiding shear-sensitive materials.
- Liquid mixing is crucial in the production of injectable solutions, where uniformity is critical.
- Dry blending is essential for maintaining uniformity in tablet and capsule formulations, with liquid mixing commonly required for final product consistency.
Mixing Principles in Pharmaceutical Processes
- Single phase mixing refers to the homogenous blending of materials in one state, while multiphase mixing deals with different states (solid, liquid, gas).
- Turbulent mixing creates a vigorous flow that enhances material interaction, while laminar mixing occurs in layers with minimal disruption.
- Molecular diffusion is critical in achieving uniformity across mixed materials, driven by concentration gradients.
Importance of Mixing in the Pharmaceutical Industry
- Mixing is fundamental for ensuring dose uniformity and active ingredient distribution in pharmaceuticals, highlighting its critical role in manufacturing processes.
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