118 Questions
What is the main focus of the MPharm Design of Medicines?
Why design of medicines is important
What does formulation in pharmaceuticals involve?
Ensuring biological and physical performance of the drug
Why are small scale products (extemporaneous dispensing or compounding) used?
They are used when medicinal products are not available
What is the purpose of formulating a drug?
To achieve bioavailability, stability, and efficacy
When are extemporaneous preparations used?
When a specific patient requests it
What does pharmaceutical formulations involve?
Method of manufacture, ingredients, excipients, appearance, colour, and taste
What is the recommended method for dispensing divided powders (Chartula)?
Dispensing in small cellophane or polyethylene envelops
How should the zinc, starch, and talc dusting powder BPC be stored?
In a cool and dry place
What should the labels for the zinc, starch, and talc dusting powder BPC indicate?
For external use only
What is the advised application method for the zinc, starch, and talc dusting powder BPC?
Lightly dust onto the affected area
What is used as an inert diluent for the trituration of digoxin in the example of powders to be taken orally?
Lactose
What balance class is recommended to be used for the example of powders to be taken orally?
Balance class B (100mg)
What type of dilution will be produced for the example of powders to be taken orally?
1 in 10 dilution
Which method will be applied for mixing powders in the example of powders to be taken orally?
Geometric method
What is the recommended shelf-life for the example of powders to be taken orally?
2-4 weeks
How should the storage of hygroscopic powders be managed?
Storage should be moisture proof and airtight
Which of the following is a key consideration for manufacturing medicines in glass or plastic containers?
Containers must not interact with the product and cause a change in quality.
What information must appear on the label of a dispensed medicine?
The quantity and instructions for the patient
What is a requirement for the storage of the 15% Chalk mixture?
The expiry date must not exceed 2 weeks.
What is the dilution factor used to prepare 200mL of peppermint water?
1+39
What is a disadvantage of using powders as a dosage form?
They are problematic in masking unpleasant tastes.
What method is used to reduce particle size by grinding with a mortar and pestle?
Levigation
What kind of powders should be handled with care and double wrapping is recommended for protection?
'Hygroscopic and deliquescent powders'
Which of the following is NOT a requirement for labeling additional information on a dispensed medicine?
The color of the medicine
What is an advantage of using powders as a dosage form?
They are more stable than liquid formulations.
What is a key consideration for manufacturing medicines in glass or plastic containers?
Caps should be closed tightly to avoid premature degradation.
What is required to prepare 100 mL of 15% Chalk mixture?
Chalk 15g, Powdered tragacanth 0.2g, Concentrated Cinnamon Water 2.5mL, Double strength chloroform water 50mL, Water to 100mL
What is the main focus of the MPharm Design of Medicines?
Preparing powders as a dosage form
What is one of the unique roles of pharmacists and formulation scientists?
They have knowledge of physical, chemical, and biopharmaceutics
What does the Medicines Act 1968 control?
Manufacture, Distribution, and Introduction of medicinal products
What are the factors that affect the safety of medicines?
Correct drug, correct dose, correct method of delivery
What is important for the quality of medicines?
Operation of a Quality Assurance (QA) program
What is dependent on various factors when formulating a drug?
How a drug is formulated
What are some examples of dosage forms?
Suspensions, solutions, tablets
What is the shelf life of extemporaneous preparations (small scale manufacture)?
Does not exceed one month
What are suspensions?
Preparations containing fine drug particles distributed uniformly throughout a vehicle
What is important in the preparation of suspensions to prevent clumping and uneven suspension?
Familiarity with properties of the dispersed phase and dispersed medium
What are shelf-life expiration dates calculated from?
Shelf-life at the time of preparation
Pharmaceutical formulations involve the design of dosage forms to ensure the biological and physical performance of the drug are met.
True
Small scale products, such as extemporaneous dispensing or compounding, are always well-controlled.
False
The formulation of a drug includes only the method of manufacture and the ingredients used.
False
Most medicines are manufactured under uncontrolled conditions.
False
Extemporaneous preparations are medicines prepared without a legal prescription from a prescriber for a specific patient.
False
The purpose of formulating a drug is to achieve bioavailability, stability, and efficacy.
True
Divided powders (Chartula) are typically dispensed in cellophane or polyethylene envelops.
True
Zinc, starch, and talc dusting powder BPC should not be applied to broken skin or large raw areas.
True
Lactose is used as an inert diluent for the trituration of digoxin in the example of powders to be taken orally.
False
The geometric method will be applied for mixing powders in the example of powders to be taken orally.
True
The shelf-life of powders to be taken orally is typically 2-4 months.
False
Hygroscopic powders should be stored in a cool and dry place.
False
Small scale products are used for centralized manufacturing.
False
The storage of the 15% Chalk mixture requires protection from light.
False
The Medicines Act 1968 does not control the dispensing of medicines.
False
Powders and granules are discussed in the book 'Pharmaceutical Practice, 4th Edition' authored by Winfield, A.J., Rees, J.A., and Smith, I.
True
Glass or plastic containers must be clean before they are filled.
True
Chalk mixture should be stored in a clear bottle.
False
The label of a dispensed medicine must include the patient's age.
False
Powders are more stable than liquid formulations.
True
Powders and granules have slower dissolution rates than tablets or capsules.
False
Mortar and pestle are used for levigation in powder preparation.
True
Effervescent powders are suitable for drugs that are inactivated in the stomach.
False
Powders may be dispensed to a patient and used in a bulk form only.
False
The dilution factor 1+39 is used to prepare concentrated peppermint water.
True
Chalk mixture should be stored in a clear bottle.
False
Magnesium Trisilicate Mixture should be stored in a clear bottle.
False
Peppermint water is available as concentrated peppermint water only.
True
Pharmacists have knowledge of physical, chemical, and biopharmaceutics.
True
Medicines have only one function: to prevent and cure diseases.
False
The Medicines Act 1968 controls the distribution and introduction of medicinal products.
True
The safety of medicines is affected by the correct drug, correct dose, and correct label.
True
All pharmaceutical manufactures must follow Standard Operation Procedures (SOPs) for producing medicines.
True
The same drug will always be presented in the same dosage form.
False
Shelf-lives for extemporaneous preparations (small scale manufacture) do not exceed one month.
True
Suspensions are preparations that contain large drug particles distributed uniformly throughout a vehicle.
False
Adding a flocculating agent creates a deflocculated suspension.
False
Powders in liquid form decompose faster than those in solid forms.
True
Adding a preservative to a pharmaceutical product is not necessary to protect against bacterial contamination.
False
Extemporaneous compounding of suspensions involves adding the required prescribed drug into a mortar or crushing tablets containing the drug using a mortar with a pestle.
True
What is the purpose of formulating a drug in pharmaceuticals?
To achieve bioavailability, stability, and efficacy.
When are extemporaneous preparations used?
When medicinal products are not available.
What are the factors that affect the safety of medicines?
Correct drug, correct dose, and correct label.
What are some examples of dosage forms?
Tablets, capsules, powders, suspensions, emulsions, and ointments.
What method is used to reduce particle size by grinding with a mortar and pestle?
Levigation.
What is important in the preparation of suspensions to prevent clumping and uneven suspension?
Proper mixing techniques and use of suitable suspending agents.
What are the three areas of knowledge that pharmacists and formulation scientists possess?
Physical pharmaceutics, chemical pharmaceutics, and biopharmaceutics
What does the Medicines Act 1968 control?
Manufacture, Distribution, and Introduction of medicinal products
What are the factors that affect the safety of medicines?
Correct drug, correct dose, correct method of delivery (correct label)
What is the purpose of formulating a drug?
To ensure quality and safety
What are the types of degradation that affect the shelf life of pharmaceutical products?
Chemical degradation, physical degradation, microbiological degradation
What is the key consideration for manufacturing medicines in glass or plastic containers?
Cleanliness of the containers
What is important in the preparation of suspensions to prevent clumping and uneven suspension?
Use of wetting agent
What does formulation in pharmaceuticals involve?
Designing dosage forms to ensure biological and physical performance of the drug are met
What is a disadvantage of using powders as a dosage form?
Faster decomposition compared to those in solid forms
What method is used to reduce particle size by grinding with a mortar and pestle?
Levigation
What are the dosage forms mentioned in the text?
Suspensions, solutions, tablets, capsules, emulsions, powders, inhalers, linctus, injections, lotions, creams, suppositories, ointments
What are the two types of suspensions mentioned in the text?
Flocculated suspension, deflocculated suspension
What are the specific details that must appear on the label of a dispensed medicine according to the text?
The name of the preparation, The quantity, Instructions for the patient, The patient’s name, The date of dispensing, The name and address of the pharmacy, Warning or advisory labels, Batch or product number, Expiry date
What is the preparation method for the 15% Chalk mixture requested for a specific patient?
- Lightly mix 15g Chalk and 0.2g tragacanth in a porcelain mortar. 2. Add 50mL of double strength chloroform water gradually with mixing. 3. Pipette in 2.5mL of concentrated cinnamon water. 4. Caliber an amber bottle. 5. Rinse the mixture into the bottle with water. 6. Shake well.
What is the expiry date and storage recommendation for the 15% Chalk mixture?
Expiry date of 2 weeks, Store in an amber bottle
What is the dilution factor used to prepare 200 mL of peppermint water?
1+39
What are the advantages of using powders as a dosage form according to the text?
Solid preparations are more stable than liquid formulations, Powders and granules are convenient forms for dispensing large doses, Powders have faster dissolution rates than tablets or capsules, Easy for compounding solids
What are the disadvantages of using powders as a dosage form according to the text?
Less convenient for patients to carry, Problematic in masking unpleasant tastes, Unsuitable for potent drugs, Unsuitable for drugs inactivated in the stomach, Unsuitable for hygroscopic drugs
What are the specific steps involved in the weighing preparation of powders according to the text?
Measuring, Sifting, Mixing, Reducing particle size by grinding with a mortar and pestle (trituration), Levigation, Uniform distribution using geometric dilution
What is the specific method for handling hygroscopic and deliquescent powders as mentioned in the text?
Double wrapping for protection
What are the key considerations for manufacturing medicines in glass or plastic containers according to the text?
Containers must be clean, Must not physically or chemically interact with the product, Caps should be closed tightly, Storage conditions should be mentioned
What are the details that must appear on the label of a dispensed medicine according to the text?
The name of the preparation, The quantity, Instructions for the patient, The patient’s name, The date of dispensing, The name and address of the pharmacy, Warning or advisory labels, Batch or product number, Expiry date
What are the specific details that must appear on the label of a dispensed medicine according to the text?
The name of the preparation, The quantity, Instructions for the patient, The patient’s name, The date of dispensing, The name and address of the pharmacy, Warning or advisory labels, Batch or product number, Expiry date
What is the specific method for handling hygroscopic and deliquescent powders as mentioned in the text?
Double wrapping for protection
What is the recommended shelf-life for the example of powders to be taken orally?
2-4 weeks
What is the inert diluent used for the trituration of digoxin in the example of powders to be taken orally?
Lactose
What is the dilution factor used to prepare 10 powders each containing 200 micrograms of digoxin?
1 in 10
Which method will be applied for mixing powders in the example of powders to be taken orally?
The geometric method
What type of balance class will be used in the example of powders to be taken orally?
Balance class B (100mg)
What is the advised application method for the zinc, starch, and talc dusting powder BPC?
Lightly dust the powder onto the affected area
What are the points to be considered when formulating the example of powders to be taken orally?
Balance class B, 1 in 10 dilutions, geometric method for mixing powders
What is the storage requirement for hygroscopic powders, if applicable?
Moisture proof and airtight
What are the components of the Zinc, starch, and talc dusting powder BPC?
Zinc oxide, Starch, Sterilized purified talc
What are the labels that should be used for the example of powders to be applied externally?
"For external use only", "Store in a cool and dry place"
Test your knowledge of pharmaceutical manufacturing considerations including container material, cleanliness, interaction with products, sealing caps, and storage conditions for medicines. This quiz covers important aspects of pharmaceutical production processes.
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