FPP1 Neurological Principles Overview

Introduction to FPP1 Neurological Content

• The presentation is about the Fundamentals of Physiotherapy Practice 1, neurological content, given by Dr. Badrieh Al Abbad and Rachel Rutley.
• Students are required to log in via the Keele App for access to the course content.

Overview

• Students need basic understanding of:
  • Neurology
  • Central and peripheral nervous systems
  • Basic brain structure
  • Basic spinal cord structure
  • Types of neurological problems after damage
  • Module content

What is Neurology?

• Neurology is not defined in detail in the provided text.

Function of the Brain

• The brain activates muscles (motor control).
• The brain senses what is happening (sensation).
• The brain identifies location in space.
• The brain plans and organises movement.
• The brain creates a body schema.

What makes up the nervous system?

• The nervous system is made up of the Central Nervous System (CNS) and the Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)
• CNS: Brain and Spinal Cord
• PNS: Cranial nerves, Spinal nerves, Ganglia, Sensory receptors in skin, and Enteric plexuses in small intestine

Central Nervous System (CNS)

• Contains most of the nervous system, including the brain and spinal cord.
• The brain is protected by the skull.
• The spinal cord is protected by the vertebrae.
• The CNS is enclosed by protective meningeal layers (meninges).

Main Lobes & Sulci

• A diagram depicting the main lobes and sulci of the brain is included.

Main Components of the Brain

• A diagram displaying the main components of the brain, including brain stem (medulla oblongata, pons, midbrain), cerebellum, diencephalon (thalamus), and cerebral hemisphere, is provided.

Transmission of Information

• Information is sent to and from the brain through pathways.
• Reflexes, local control of movement, and initiation and control of movement are explained.
• Roles of midbrain, pons and reticular formation in processing and medulla for basic life functions (heart, lungs, blood vessels) are detailed .

Neural Cells

• Neural tissue in the CNS & PNS:
  • Neuroglia: support, protection, phagocytic action, (Oligodendrocytes for the CNS and Schwann cells for the PNS).
  • Neuron: information transmission via generation and propagation of action potentials

Structure of Neurons

• Neurons have a cell body (soma), dendrites, axon.
• Myelin sheath is formed by Schwann cells (PNS) and Oligodendrocytes (CNS).
• Nodes of Ranvier are located at regular intervals along the axon and are important for nerve impulse propagation. A typical neuron diagram is also included in the presentation.

Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)

• The PNS is all the nervous tissue outside the CNS.
  • The main role is to connect the CNS to the limbs and organs.
  • It's not protected by bone or by the blood-brain barrier, making it vulnerable to toxins and injuries.
  • The PNS is divided into Somatic, Autonomic & Enteric nervous systems. (The presentation focuses on the somatic nervous system)

Peripheral Nervous System (Types of Axons)

• Afferent (sensory) axons carry information into the CNS when the hand touches an object
• Efferent (motor) axons carry information from the CNS to initiate a motor response by the muscles

Sensory Areas

• The presentation includes a diagram showing various sensory areas in the brain (primary somatosensory area, somatosensory association area, Wernicke's area, visual association area, primary visual area, auditory association area, primary auditory area).

Sensory Homunculus

• A diagram of a sensory homunculus shows the parts of the body and their corresponding areas on the brain's sensory cortex.

20 Amazing Brain Facts

• A URL for a website with 20 amazing brain facts is provided.

Teaching and Learning Points to Highlight

• The curriculum structure is highlighted as a spiral, building upon core topics.

Feedback Slide

• Students are asked for feedback on their understanding of the material.
• Types of feedback topics are mentioned (handling, clinical reasoning, professionalism, treatment planning, communication)

Neuro Teaching

• Workbooks are available for reinforcement and checking of learning.
• The workbooks support the learning process by incorporating shared components of the modules (basics of assessment).

Workbooks

• The FPP1 workbook is useful for learning and reinforcing theory and practical components.
• 20% of the assessment is based on workbook completion.
• Textbooks, resources, and peer interaction are recommended during workbook completion.
• Support is available from relevant teams if students are struggling.

Directed Study

• Directed study sessions (timetabling) for the learning module are provided.
• The study activities include research, paper reading.
• Access to library resources is available for any support.

Practical Sessions

• Attendance at all practical sessions is encouraged (aim to catch up).
• Practice of learned tasks outside of sessions is recommended.

Q&A

• Students can ask questions.

Thank You

• The presentation closes with a thank you.