Questions and Answers
What are the four classes of organic compounds?
What organic compound has C + H + O?
Carbohydrates
What are simple sugars such as fructose and glucose?
Monosaccharides
Which term refers to having two monomers such as sucrose and lactose?
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Which term refers to having two or more monomers such as starch and glycogen?
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Polysaccharides are stored energy sources in plants and animals.
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Which organic compound is an immediate energy source for organisms?
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Which is water soluble, lipids or carbohydrates?
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What are the cell walls of plants made out of?
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What organic compound has C + H + small amounts of O?
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Which organic compound is a long-term energy source?
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Which organic compound burns slowly in the body?
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What are some examples of lipids?
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Lipids make cell membranes and wax covering on leaves.
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Which organic compound can be saturated or unsaturated?
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Which organic compound has C + H + O + N and sometimes sulfur?
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Which organic compound has the monomer amino acids?
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How many different amino acids does protein have?
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Proteins do not build tissue and organ structural cells.
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Which organic compound allows muscles to contract and gives color to your eyes?
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Proteins make antibodies to fight infections.
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Are enzymes a part of the protein family?
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What do enzymes do?
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Which organic compound is C + H + O + N + P?
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Which organic compound is very complex?
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Which organic compound has the monomer nucleotide?
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Which organic compound makes DNA?
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What makes RNA?
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What is RNA used to make?
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What do amino acids make?
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What is a compound?
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Why is carbon essential to all known life on Earth?
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Which types of organic compounds provide energy?
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Which organic compound stores genetic information?
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Examples of protein include:
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Study Notes
Four Major Classes of Organic Compounds
- Carbohydrates, Lipids, Proteins, Nucleic Acids are the four main classes of organic compounds.
Carbohydrates
- Composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen (C + H + O).
- Serve as an immediate energy source for organisms.
- Water-soluble and include simple sugars known as monosaccharides (e.g., fructose, glucose).
- Disaccharides consist of two monosaccharides (e.g., sucrose, lactose).
- Polysaccharides are formed from multiple monomers (e.g., starch, glycogen) and serve as energy storage in plants and animals.
- Plant cell walls are primarily made of cellulose.
Lipids
- Made up of carbon, hydrogen, and smaller amounts of oxygen (C + H + small amounts of O).
- Function as long-term energy sources and burn slowly in the body.
- Examples include fats, oils, waxes, hormones, and steroids.
- Play crucial roles in forming cell membranes and providing waxy coatings on leaves.
- Can be classified as saturated or unsaturated fats.
Proteins
- Composed of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen (C + H + O + N), and sometimes sulfur.
- Built from monomers called amino acids; there are 20 different amino acids.
- Essential for building tissue and organ structural cells.
- Allow muscle contraction and contribute to pigmentation, such as eye color.
- Play a key role in the immune response by producing antibodies.
- Include enzymes that control the rate of chemical reactions.
Nucleic Acids
- Comprised of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and phosphorus (C + H + O + N + P).
- Highly complex molecules that serve as the genetic blueprint for life.
- The monomer of nucleic acids is the nucleotide.
- DNA is responsible for genetic information storage and is utilized to synthesize RNA.
- RNA plays a role in assembling amino acids to form proteins.
Importance of Carbon
- Carbon is vital for all known life on Earth due to its ability to form stable bonds with various elements, enabling diverse compound formation.
Energy Storage
- Carbohydrates and lipids are organic compounds that provide energy for organisms.
Genetic Information
- Nucleic acids are responsible for storing and transmitting genetic information.
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Description
This quiz explores the four major classes of organic compounds: carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids. Each class has distinct structures and functions that are vital to life. Test your knowledge on how these organic compounds contribute to biological systems.
