Four Major Classes of Organic Compounds
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Questions and Answers

What are the four classes of organic compounds?

  • Carbohydrates (correct)
  • Proteins (correct)
  • Lipids (correct)
  • Nucleic Acids (correct)

    • What organic compound has C + H + O?

    Carbohydrates

    What are simple sugars such as fructose and glucose?

    Monosaccharides

    Which term refers to having two monomers such as sucrose and lactose?

    <p>Disaccharides</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term refers to having two or more monomers such as starch and glycogen?

    <p>Polysaccharides</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Polysaccharides are stored energy sources in plants and animals.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organic compound is an immediate energy source for organisms?

    <p>Carbohydrates</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which is water soluble, lipids or carbohydrates?

    <p>Carbohydrates</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the cell walls of plants made out of?

    <p>Cellulose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What organic compound has C + H + small amounts of O?

    <p>Lipids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organic compound is a long-term energy source?

    <p>Lipids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organic compound burns slowly in the body?

    <p>Lipids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are some examples of lipids?

    <p>Fats, Oils, Waxes, Hormones, and Steroids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Lipids make cell membranes and wax covering on leaves.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organic compound can be saturated or unsaturated?

    <p>Lipids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organic compound has C + H + O + N and sometimes sulfur?

    <p>Proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organic compound has the monomer amino acids?

    <p>Proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many different amino acids does protein have?

    <p>20</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Proteins do not build tissue and organ structural cells.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organic compound allows muscles to contract and gives color to your eyes?

    <p>Proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Proteins make antibodies to fight infections.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Are enzymes a part of the protein family?

    <p>Yes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do enzymes do?

    <p>Control the rate of a chemical reaction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organic compound is C + H + O + N + P?

    <p>Nucleic Acids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organic compound is very complex?

    <p>Nucleic Acids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organic compound has the monomer nucleotide?

    <p>Nucleic Acids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organic compound makes DNA?

    <p>Nucleic Acids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What makes RNA?

    <p>DNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is RNA used to make?

    <p>Amino acids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do amino acids make?

    <p>Proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a compound?

    <p>Substance that consists of two or more elements</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is carbon essential to all known life on Earth?

    <p>Because of its ability to form stable bonds with many elements</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which types of organic compounds provide energy?

    <p>Carbohydrates and lipids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organic compound stores genetic information?

    <p>Nucleic Acids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Examples of protein include:

    <p>Enzymes and Antibodies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Four Major Classes of Organic Compounds

    • Carbohydrates, Lipids, Proteins, Nucleic Acids are the four main classes of organic compounds.

    Carbohydrates

    • Composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen (C + H + O).
    • Serve as an immediate energy source for organisms.
    • Water-soluble and include simple sugars known as monosaccharides (e.g., fructose, glucose).
    • Disaccharides consist of two monosaccharides (e.g., sucrose, lactose).
    • Polysaccharides are formed from multiple monomers (e.g., starch, glycogen) and serve as energy storage in plants and animals.
    • Plant cell walls are primarily made of cellulose.

    Lipids

    • Made up of carbon, hydrogen, and smaller amounts of oxygen (C + H + small amounts of O).
    • Function as long-term energy sources and burn slowly in the body.
    • Examples include fats, oils, waxes, hormones, and steroids.
    • Play crucial roles in forming cell membranes and providing waxy coatings on leaves.
    • Can be classified as saturated or unsaturated fats.

    Proteins

    • Composed of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen (C + H + O + N), and sometimes sulfur.
    • Built from monomers called amino acids; there are 20 different amino acids.
    • Essential for building tissue and organ structural cells.
    • Allow muscle contraction and contribute to pigmentation, such as eye color.
    • Play a key role in the immune response by producing antibodies.
    • Include enzymes that control the rate of chemical reactions.

    Nucleic Acids

    • Comprised of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and phosphorus (C + H + O + N + P).
    • Highly complex molecules that serve as the genetic blueprint for life.
    • The monomer of nucleic acids is the nucleotide.
    • DNA is responsible for genetic information storage and is utilized to synthesize RNA.
    • RNA plays a role in assembling amino acids to form proteins.

    Importance of Carbon

    • Carbon is vital for all known life on Earth due to its ability to form stable bonds with various elements, enabling diverse compound formation.

    Energy Storage

    • Carbohydrates and lipids are organic compounds that provide energy for organisms.

    Genetic Information

    • Nucleic acids are responsible for storing and transmitting genetic information.

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    Description

    This quiz explores the four major classes of organic compounds: carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids. Each class has distinct structures and functions that are vital to life. Test your knowledge on how these organic compounds contribute to biological systems.

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