Occupational Therapy Founders Quiz and Flashcards

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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is NOT one of the aspects of human life included in the holistic view that seeded the roots of Occupational Therapy?

Psychological

Biological

Social

Spiritual (correct)

Who developed the Sensorimotor Model focusing on sensory input and motor responses?

Adolph Meyer

Hall

Margaret Rood (correct)

Kielhofner

Which of the following individuals is credited with providing Occupational Therapy its initial connection to medicine?

William Rush Dunton (correct)

Jane Addams

Kielhofner

Eleanor Clarke Slagle

What concept refers to the integration of sensory information and motor skills?

Perceptual motor development Signup and view all the answers

What was the title of the book written by William Rush Dunton in 1919?

Reconstruction Therapy Signup and view all the answers

Which disease was mentioned as being incurable and sometimes lasting for several years in the text?

Tuberculosis Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about Eleanor Clarke Slagle is NOT true?

She was one of the founders of the Hull House. Signup and view all the answers

What new paradigm emerged in the 1980s onward in Occupational Therapy?

Mechanistic Paradigm Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following areas did William Rush Dunton recognize as contributing to the multidisciplinary nature of Occupational Therapy?

Social science, mental hygiene, vocational education and recreation Signup and view all the answers

Who contributed to the Habit Training Approach by focusing on crafts as means of restoring 'authentic living'?

Hall Signup and view all the answers

'Therapeutic use of self' in Occupational Therapy refers to:

Incorporating personal attributes into client care Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following individuals was a contemporary of Jane Addams, one of the founders of the Hull House?

Eleanor Clarke Slagle Signup and view all the answers

'National registration for OT began' during which decade?

1940 Signup and view all the answers

'Mosey's 3 frames of reference' were prominent during which decade?

1970 Signup and view all the answers

'Object relations theory' is associated with which prominent figure?

Freud Signup and view all the answers

What movement aimed at retraining soldiers took place during World War II?

Vocational rehabilitation movement Signup and view all the answers

What is a key aspect of the Recovery model in mental health?

Recovery is holistic and lifelong Signup and view all the answers

In the context of prevention, tertiary prevention is provided to individuals who are:

Already in a state of ill health Signup and view all the answers

What is a key concept of the Social Cognitive Theory relevant to occupational therapy?

Observational Learning Signup and view all the answers

What does collective agency refer to in the context of occupational therapy agencies?

Influencing the destiny of an entire group Signup and view all the answers

According to AOTA's identified emerging areas of practice, what area involves fall prevention and aging in place?

Rehabilitation, Disability, & Participation Signup and view all the answers

What is a key aspect of Emotional Reasoning related to occupational therapy?

Managing emotions in oneself and with others Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes Secondary Prevention from Primary Prevention in occupational therapy?

It is directed towards individuals with early signs of disease Signup and view all the answers

What does proxy agency involve in the context of occupational therapy?

'One person advocating for or acting on behalf of another' Signup and view all the answers

'Observed learning', 'self-efficacy', and 'behavioral reinforcement' are key concepts associated with which theory relevant to occupational therapy?

'Social Cognitive Theory' Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes the emerging practice area identified by AOTA concerning health and wellness, chronic disease management, and obesity care?

'Productive Aging' (fall prevention, driving, aging in place) Signup and view all the answers

What model was initially proposed by Jean Ayres in 1963?

Sensory Integration Model Signup and view all the answers

Which healthcare payment method involves providers receiving a fixed amount for each patient based on their diagnosis?

Prospective Payment System Signup and view all the answers

What type of healthcare payment method incentivizes providers to serve clients' health needs efficiently?

Health Maintenance Organization Signup and view all the answers

Which component of the Recovery Model emphasizes the individual's ability to direct their own lives?

Self-Direction Signup and view all the answers

Who proposed the need for an expansion of the medical model in 1977?

Engel Signup and view all the answers

In which healthcare setting are Diagnosis Related Groups (DRG) commonly used?

Inpatient Acute Care Hospitals Signup and view all the answers

Which healthcare facility uses Resource Utilization Groups (RUG-III) for billing?

Skilled Nursing Facilities Signup and view all the answers

What does Mosey's Frame of Reference Structure include?

Domain of concern, theoretical base, and function-dysfunction continuum Signup and view all the answers

Which aspect of a person's performance involves their underlying capacities that support engagement in occupations and activities?

Performance capacity Signup and view all the answers

What do habits and routines refer to in the context of occupational therapy?

Automatic and repetitive behaviors Signup and view all the answers

What does occupational competence entail?

Sufficient behavior to meet demands Signup and view all the answers

What is the key characteristic of occupational exploration?

Search for new experiences for skill development Signup and view all the answers

What is the main emphasis in the Variables in MOHO?

Person variables Signup and view all the answers

What do interests refer to in occupational therapy?

Enjoyable or satisfying activities Signup and view all the answers

How is occupational achievement defined?

"Identifiable level of success, attainment, or proficiency that goes beyond competency" Signup and view all the answers

"Occupations" in occupational therapy encompass:

"Anything that engages one's time, energy, and resources" Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary focus of the original paradigm of occupational therapy from 1900-1940?

Occupation as the core concept and guiding principle Signup and view all the answers

What was the purpose of Anne Mosey's frames of reference in occupational therapy?

To structure scientific knowledge for application in practice Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following was NOT one of the three frames of reference for mental health OT practice identified by Anne Mosey?

Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary contribution of Herbert J. Hall to the field of occupational therapy?

Promoting artistic crafts as a 'work cure' for recovery Signup and view all the answers

Who developed the Habit Training approach in occupational therapy?

Eleanor Clarke Slagle and Adolph Meyer Signup and view all the answers

What was the focus of the Model of Human Occupation (MOHO) developed by Gary Kielhofner?

Explaining human occupation and how individuals engage in meaningful activities Signup and view all the answers

Which theorist's work influenced occupational therapy by providing a framework for understanding psychosocial development across different life stages?

Erik Erikson Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary contribution of Albert Bandura to occupational therapy?

Promoting concepts of self-efficacy, social learning, and behavioral change Signup and view all the answers

Which statement best describes the distinction between the basic science of occupation and the applied science of occupational therapy, according to Anne Mosey?

The basic science is concerned with fundamental knowledge, while the applied science involves applying concepts in practice. Signup and view all the answers

What were the two major paradigm shifts identified by Gary Kielhofner and Burke in the history of occupational therapy?

From the original paradigm of occupation to the mechanistic paradigm, and then back to the occupational paradigm Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an internal factor that can affect an individual's performance according to the text?

Cognitive abilities, such as executive functions Signup and view all the answers

According to the passage, what can influence an individual's internal traits and capacities?

Past experiences and interests Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT mentioned as an example of an internal trait or capacity in the text?

Personality disorders Signup and view all the answers

According to the passage, what can affect an individual's performance range?

The individual's internal traits Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT mentioned as an example of an internal factor in the text?

Socioeconomic status Signup and view all the answers

According to the passage, what can affect an individual's performance capacities?

Genetics Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of the Model of Human Occupation (MOHO)?

Understanding the interaction between a person's motivation and their engagement in occupations Signup and view all the answers

Which component of MOHO pertains to a person's habits and routines?

Habituation Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of occupation-based models in occupational therapy?

To explain the relationship between occupation, person, and environment Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a component of MOHO?

Environmental Adaptation Signup and view all the answers

Which ethical principle in occupational therapy emphasizes the moral obligation to act for clients' interests and well-being?

Beneficence Signup and view all the answers

Which occupational therapy value emphasizes an unselfish concern for the welfare of others?

Altruism Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of frames of reference in occupational therapy?

To guide therapists in understanding clients' abilities and limitations Signup and view all the answers

Which ethical principle in occupational therapy emphasizes truthfulness and honesty in interactions?

Veracity Signup and view all the answers

Which occupational therapy value emphasizes the need to respect clients' choices?

Freedom Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of paradigms in occupational therapy?

To influence how OTs view clients, approach assessment and intervention, and define the goals of therapy Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary motivation for change in the Occupational Adaptation model?

An innate desire to master one's environment Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT one of the interdependent features of the Occupational Adaptation model?

Cultural beliefs and practices Signup and view all the answers

In the Generation subprocess of the Adaptive Response, what is the role of 'Adaptive Energy'?

It provides the cognitive and executive resources required for the adaptive response Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT one of the Adaptive Response Modes described in the Generation subprocess?

Reflexive Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of the Evaluation subprocess in the Adaptive Response?

Self-reflection and assessment of relative mastery Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT one of the components of the Ecology of Human Performance (EHP) model?

Motivation Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of the 'Temporal Aspects' in the EHP model's Context component?

Chronological age, developmental stage, and life cycle Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT included in the 'Environmental Aspects' of the EHP model's Context component?

Personal preferences and motivations Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of the 'Performance' component in the EHP model?

The interaction between the person, context, and tasks Signup and view all the answers

In the Occupational Adaptation model, what is the primary purpose of the 'Integration' subprocess?

To provide feedback and promote self-awareness Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Recovery and Prevention

Recovery is a personal journey, acceptance is essential for individuals with mental illness
Medical recovery: returning to a former state of being before an injury or illness
Mental health recovery: living a satisfied and contributing life despite limitations due to illness
12 types of prevention:
- Primary prevention: directed towards healthy individuals to prevent disease or disorder
- Secondary prevention: offered to people with early signs of disease or disorder
- Tertiary prevention: provided to individuals with active symptoms of disease or disorder

Key concepts: observational learning, self-efficacy, behavioral reinforcement
Helps OTs understand how individuals learn new skills, develop self-efficacy, and modify behavior
Therapists can help clients develop confidence, motivation, and skills needed to participate in meaningful activities

Agency

Types of agency:
- Human agency: individual's confidence to complete tasks (varies for each person)
- Proxy agency: one person advocates for or acts on behalf of another
- Collective agency: people work together to influence the destiny of the entire group

Emotional Reasoning

Perceiving emotions: recognizing and interpreting emotions
Understanding emotions: understanding how basic emotions form complex emotions and how they are affected by surroundings
Regulating emotions: managing emotions and responses in oneself and with others

AOTA Emerging Areas of Practice

Areas of practice include:
- Children and Youth
- Mental Health
- Rehabilitation, Disability, and Participation
- Health and Wellness
- Work and Industry

Roots of OT

Founded on a holistic view of human life, including biological, psychological, and social aspects
Famous people in OT:
- Dunton
- Slagle
- Erickson
- Hall
- Meyer
- Bandura
- Mosey
- Kielhofner
- Dunn

Habit Training Approach

Developed by Slagle and Meyer
Focuses on creating a full schedule of daily activities to promote mental and physical health
Holistic approach

Sensorimotor Model

Focuses on the interplay between sensory input, motor responses, and cognitive processes
Developed by Margaret Rood
Published in 1954

Biopsychosocial Model

Considers the interaction of physical health, mental health, and social factors to influence individual functioning
Holistic approach
Addresses whole person, including physical, psychological, and social factors

Reimbursement Methods

Fee-for-Service: simple, but may lead to inflated healthcare costs
Prospective payment systems (PPS): limit the length, frequency, and type of healthcare
Flat-Fee Payment Systems: healthcare providers are salaried

Salaries

Flat-fee payment systems: salary often lower than in private sector
Waitlists in hospitals
OT job market grew dramatically in the early 1990s due to high salaries### Founders of Occupational Therapy
Dr. Dunton developed her own OT technique of HABIT TRAINING
Herbert J. Hall, one of the founders of OT, described artistic crafts as a “work cure” for patients with chronic medical and psychiatric disorders
Adolph Meyer, a psychiatrist, worked with Slagle to develop the Habit training approach and practiced medicine using Humanistic philosophy & Moral Treatment

Influential Theorists

Albert Bandura, a Behaviorist, influenced OT by promoting independence, skill development, empowerment, and behavioral change in clients through tailored interventions and support
Anne Mosey identified three frames of reference for mental health OT practice: Acquisitional, Psychoanalytic, and Developmental
Gary Kielhofner, an author, identified two major paradigm shifts in OT: from the original paradigm of occupation to the mechanistic paradigm and again to the new emerging paradigm involving a return to occupation as the primary focus for the profession

Frames of Reference

Mosey’s activity therapy model (1973)
Biopsychosocial model (1974)
Temporal adaptation (Gary Kielhofner)
MOHO (Model of Human Occupation) by Gary Kielhofner
Dunn's Occupation-Based Model
Ecology of Human Performance by Winnie and Dunn

Paradigm Shifts

1900-1940s: Paradigm of Occupation
1950-1970s: Mechanistic Paradigm
1980s: New Emerging Paradigm involving a return to occupation as the primary focus for the profession

OT Code of Ethics

Beneficence: moral obligation to act for clients’ interests and well-being
Nonmaleficence: avoid doing harm to clients
Autonomy: support client’s decisions and privacy
Social Justice: advocate for fair treatment for all clients
Procedural Justice: ensure fairness in processes and decision-making
Veracity: truthful and honest in interactions
Fidelity: loyalty, trustfulness, and commitment to acting in the best interests of clients

OT Values

Altruism: unselfish concern for the welfare of others
Equality: everyone is equal
Freedom: respect client’s choices
Justice: refers to legal rights and obligations, what is morally right and fair
Dignity: empathy and respect
Truth: faithful to the facts, stay up to date, continually update knowledge

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Description

Explore the pioneers in the field of Occupational Therapy, such as Dunton, Slagle, Erickson, and more, who laid the foundation for the holistic approach encompassing biological, psychological, and social aspects of human life.

Founders of Occupational Therapy and their Contributions