Foundations of Medicine Lecture 20: Signal Transduction

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Which type of cell signaling involves the release of signaling molecules into the bloodstream to act on distant target cells?

Endocrine (correct)

Neuronal

Paracrine

Autocrine

Where are the receptors for steroid hormones located?

In the cytoplasm

Intracellular (correct)

Extracellular

On the cell membrane

Which class of receptors includes ligand-gated channels such as the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor?

G-protein-coupled receptors

Ion-channel receptors (correct)

Receptor enzymes

Steroid receptors

What is the main function of G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs)?

Regulate second messenger systems Signup and view all the answers

Which second messenger system is associated with G-proteins and lead to the activation of protein kinase C?

Phosphoinositide system Signup and view all the answers

When insulin binds to its receptor, what molecular changes occur?

Activation of tyrosine kinase activity Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of cell-Cell Signaling and Communication in cellular processes?

Regulation of cell shape and migration Signup and view all the answers

What do metabolic pathways coordinate to meet the needs of a cell and organism?

Both energy production and synthesis of products Signup and view all the answers

What does the regulation of metabolism depend on?

Both intercellular and intracellular signals Signup and view all the answers

Which type of chemical messengers are lipophilic/hydrophobic such as steroid hormones or other messengers?

Intracellular messengers Signup and view all the answers

What is the regulatory function of G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) in signal transduction?

Initiating adenylate cyclase second messenger system to modulate cellular responses Signup and view all the answers

Where are the receptors for steroid hormones located?

In the cytoplasm Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of cell-surface (plasma membrane) receptors in signal transduction?

Binding lipophilic/hydrophobic messengers like steroid hormones Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of intracellular signal transduction by steroid hormones?

Inducing changes in gene expression and metabolism Signup and view all the answers

Which type of chemical messengers are lipophilic/hydrophobic and bind to intracellular receptors?

Steroid hormones Signup and view all the answers

Which type of receptor includes ligand-gated channels like the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor?

Ion channel receptors Signup and view all the answers

Where are the receptors for steroid hormones located?

Nucleus Signup and view all the answers

Foundations of Medicine Lecture 20: Signal Transduction

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Questions and Answers

Which type of cell signaling involves the release of signaling molecules into the bloodstream to act on distant target cells?

Where are the receptors for steroid hormones located?

Which class of receptors includes ligand-gated channels such as the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor?

What is the main function of G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs)?

Which second messenger system is associated with G-proteins and lead to the activation of protein kinase C?

When insulin binds to its receptor, what molecular changes occur?

What is the main function of cell-Cell Signaling and Communication in cellular processes?

What do metabolic pathways coordinate to meet the needs of a cell and organism?

What does the regulation of metabolism depend on?

Which type of chemical messengers are lipophilic/hydrophobic such as steroid hormones or other messengers?

What is the regulatory function of G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) in signal transduction?

Where are the receptors for steroid hormones located?

What is the main function of cell-surface (plasma membrane) receptors in signal transduction?

What is the role of intracellular signal transduction by steroid hormones?

Which type of chemical messengers are lipophilic/hydrophobic and bind to intracellular receptors?

Which type of receptor includes ligand-gated channels like the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor?

Where are the receptors for steroid hormones located?

What second messenger system is associated with G-proteins and leads to the activation of protein kinase C?

What is the main function of G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs)?

When insulin binds to its receptor, what molecular changes occur?

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