Foundations of Medicine Lecture 20: Signal Transduction
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Questions and Answers

Which type of cell signaling involves the release of signaling molecules into the bloodstream to act on distant target cells?

  • Endocrine (correct)
  • Neuronal
  • Paracrine
  • Autocrine
  • Where are the receptors for steroid hormones located?

  • In the cytoplasm
  • Intracellular (correct)
  • Extracellular
  • On the cell membrane
  • Which class of receptors includes ligand-gated channels such as the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor?

  • G-protein-coupled receptors
  • Ion-channel receptors (correct)
  • Receptor enzymes
  • Steroid receptors
  • What is the main function of G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs)?

    <p>Regulate second messenger systems</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which second messenger system is associated with G-proteins and lead to the activation of protein kinase C?

    <p>Phosphoinositide system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When insulin binds to its receptor, what molecular changes occur?

    <p>Activation of tyrosine kinase activity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of cell-Cell Signaling and Communication in cellular processes?

    <p>Regulation of cell shape and migration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do metabolic pathways coordinate to meet the needs of a cell and organism?

    <p>Both energy production and synthesis of products</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the regulation of metabolism depend on?

    <p>Both intercellular and intracellular signals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of chemical messengers are lipophilic/hydrophobic such as steroid hormones or other messengers?

    <p>Intracellular messengers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the regulatory function of G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) in signal transduction?

    <p>Initiating adenylate cyclase second messenger system to modulate cellular responses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where are the receptors for steroid hormones located?

    <p>In the cytoplasm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of cell-surface (plasma membrane) receptors in signal transduction?

    <p>Binding lipophilic/hydrophobic messengers like steroid hormones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of intracellular signal transduction by steroid hormones?

    <p>Inducing changes in gene expression and metabolism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of chemical messengers are lipophilic/hydrophobic and bind to intracellular receptors?

    <p>Steroid hormones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of receptor includes ligand-gated channels like the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor?

    <p>Ion channel receptors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where are the receptors for steroid hormones located?

    <p>Nucleus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What second messenger system is associated with G-proteins and leads to the activation of protein kinase C?

    <p>Phosphatidylinositol bisphosphate (PIP2)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs)?

    <p>Signal transduction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When insulin binds to its receptor, what molecular changes occur?

    <p>Activation of receptor tyrosine kinase</p> Signup and view all the answers

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