Foundations of Medicine Lecture 20: Signal Transduction

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Questions and Answers

Which type of cell signaling involves the release of signaling molecules into the bloodstream to act on distant target cells?

  • Endocrine (correct)
  • Neuronal
  • Paracrine
  • Autocrine

Where are the receptors for steroid hormones located?

  • In the cytoplasm
  • Intracellular (correct)
  • Extracellular
  • On the cell membrane

Which class of receptors includes ligand-gated channels such as the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor?

  • G-protein-coupled receptors
  • Ion-channel receptors (correct)
  • Receptor enzymes
  • Steroid receptors

What is the main function of G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs)?

<p>Regulate second messenger systems (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which second messenger system is associated with G-proteins and lead to the activation of protein kinase C?

<p>Phosphoinositide system (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When insulin binds to its receptor, what molecular changes occur?

<p>Activation of tyrosine kinase activity (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of cell-Cell Signaling and Communication in cellular processes?

<p>Regulation of cell shape and migration (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do metabolic pathways coordinate to meet the needs of a cell and organism?

<p>Both energy production and synthesis of products (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the regulation of metabolism depend on?

<p>Both intercellular and intracellular signals (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of chemical messengers are lipophilic/hydrophobic such as steroid hormones or other messengers?

<p>Intracellular messengers (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the regulatory function of G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) in signal transduction?

<p>Initiating adenylate cyclase second messenger system to modulate cellular responses (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where are the receptors for steroid hormones located?

<p>In the cytoplasm (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of cell-surface (plasma membrane) receptors in signal transduction?

<p>Binding lipophilic/hydrophobic messengers like steroid hormones (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of intracellular signal transduction by steroid hormones?

<p>Inducing changes in gene expression and metabolism (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of chemical messengers are lipophilic/hydrophobic and bind to intracellular receptors?

<p>Steroid hormones (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of receptor includes ligand-gated channels like the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor?

<p>Ion channel receptors (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where are the receptors for steroid hormones located?

<p>Nucleus (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What second messenger system is associated with G-proteins and leads to the activation of protein kinase C?

<p>Phosphatidylinositol bisphosphate (PIP2) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs)?

<p>Signal transduction (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When insulin binds to its receptor, what molecular changes occur?

<p>Activation of receptor tyrosine kinase (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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