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Questions and Answers
Which of the following is a major topic discussed in the video?
Which of the following is a major topic discussed in the video?
What is the role of the second messenger system in the human body?
What is the role of the second messenger system in the human body?
Why is it important to understand signal transduction clinically?
Why is it important to understand signal transduction clinically?
What is the monthly financial support amount to become a Dirty Medicine member?
What is the monthly financial support amount to become a Dirty Medicine member?
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What do Dirty Medicine members get in exchange for their financial support?
What do Dirty Medicine members get in exchange for their financial support?
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Where can Dirty Medicine members comment their recommendation requests for the next video?
Where can Dirty Medicine members comment their recommendation requests for the next video?
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What is the main focus of the video?
What is the main focus of the video?
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What is the cost of financial support for Dirty Medicine members per month?
What is the cost of financial support for Dirty Medicine members per month?
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What is the significance of signal transduction in the human body?
What is the significance of signal transduction in the human body?
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What is the purpose of the second messenger system?
What is the purpose of the second messenger system?
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Which component of the G-protein coupled receptor is responsible for converting GDP to GTP when the receptor is activated?
Which component of the G-protein coupled receptor is responsible for converting GDP to GTP when the receptor is activated?
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What is the role of adenylyl cyclase in the signal transduction pathway?
What is the role of adenylyl cyclase in the signal transduction pathway?
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Which subunit of the G protein can stimulate adenylyl cyclase?
Which subunit of the G protein can stimulate adenylyl cyclase?
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What happens when adenylyl cyclase is inhibited in the signal transduction pathway?
What happens when adenylyl cyclase is inhibited in the signal transduction pathway?
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Which enzyme is activated by phospholipase C in the signal transduction pathway?
Which enzyme is activated by phospholipase C in the signal transduction pathway?
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What is the role of IP3 in the signal transduction pathway?
What is the role of IP3 in the signal transduction pathway?
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Which hormones are controlled by G-protein coupled receptors?
Which hormones are controlled by G-protein coupled receptors?
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What is the main characteristic of receptor tyrosine kinases?
What is the main characteristic of receptor tyrosine kinases?
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How are downstream kinases activated in the MAP kinase cascade?
How are downstream kinases activated in the MAP kinase cascade?
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Which of the following is not a component of the G-protein coupled receptor?
Which of the following is not a component of the G-protein coupled receptor?
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Which topic is discussed in the video?
Which topic is discussed in the video?
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What is the role of the second messenger system?
What is the role of the second messenger system?
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Why is understanding signal transduction clinically important?
Why is understanding signal transduction clinically important?
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What is the purpose of the G-protein coupled receptor?
What is the purpose of the G-protein coupled receptor?
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Where can Dirty Medicine members comment their recommendation requests for the next video?
Where can Dirty Medicine members comment their recommendation requests for the next video?
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What is the cost of financial support for Dirty Medicine members per month?
What is the cost of financial support for Dirty Medicine members per month?
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What is the main characteristic of receptor tyrosine kinases?
What is the main characteristic of receptor tyrosine kinases?
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What happens when adenylyl cyclase is inhibited in the signal transduction pathway?
What happens when adenylyl cyclase is inhibited in the signal transduction pathway?
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Which enzyme is activated by phospholipase C in the signal transduction pathway?
Which enzyme is activated by phospholipase C in the signal transduction pathway?
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What is the role of IP3 in the signal transduction pathway?
What is the role of IP3 in the signal transduction pathway?
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Which of the following is true about G-protein coupled receptors?
Which of the following is true about G-protein coupled receptors?
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What is the role of the alpha subunit of the G protein in the signal transduction pathway?
What is the role of the alpha subunit of the G protein in the signal transduction pathway?
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What is the product of the conversion of ATP to cAMP in the signal transduction pathway?
What is the product of the conversion of ATP to cAMP in the signal transduction pathway?
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What is the role of adenylyl cyclase in the signal transduction pathway?
What is the role of adenylyl cyclase in the signal transduction pathway?
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What is the role of phospholipase C in the signal transduction pathway?
What is the role of phospholipase C in the signal transduction pathway?
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What is the role of IP3 in the signal transduction pathway?
What is the role of IP3 in the signal transduction pathway?
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What is the role of DAG in the signal transduction pathway?
What is the role of DAG in the signal transduction pathway?
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Which of the following hormones is controlled by G-protein coupled receptors?
Which of the following hormones is controlled by G-protein coupled receptors?
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What is the main characteristic of receptor tyrosine kinases?
What is the main characteristic of receptor tyrosine kinases?
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How are downstream kinases activated in the MAP kinase cascade?
How are downstream kinases activated in the MAP kinase cascade?
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Study Notes
Signal Transduction Pathways in Medicine
- G-protein coupled receptors are embedded in the plasma membrane and have a seven transmembrane domain.
- G-protein coupled receptors are associated with a heterotrimeric G protein consisting of gamma, alpha, and beta subunits.
- When a signal binds to the receptor, the alpha subunit of the G protein undergoes a conformational change and converts GDP to GTP, becoming active.
- The active alpha subunit can either stimulate adenylyl cyclase (G sub s) or inhibit adenylyl cyclase (G sub i).
- Activation of adenylyl cyclase leads to the conversion of ATP to cAMP, which activates protein kinase A (PKA).
- Inhibition of adenylyl cyclase prevents the conversion of ATP to cAMP and the activation of PKA.
- The alpha subunit of the G protein can also work through a different system, stimulating phospholipase C (G sub q).
- Phospholipase C activates the conversion of PIP2 to IP3 and DAG.
- IP3 causes the release of calcium from the endoplasmic reticulum, while DAG activates protein kinase C (PKC).
- G-protein coupled receptors control the endocrine hormones FSH, LH, ACTH, TSH, CRH, HCG, ADH, MSH, PTH, calcitonin, GHRH, glucagon, and histamine.
- Receptor tyrosine kinases are the largest class of signal transductors and have inherent enzyme activity.
- Receptor tyrosine kinases undergo dimerization and cross-phosphorylation, leading to the activation of downstream kinases in the MAP kinase cascade.
Signal Transduction Pathways in Medicine
- G-protein coupled receptors are embedded in the plasma membrane and have a seven transmembrane domain.
- G-protein coupled receptors are associated with a heterotrimeric G protein consisting of gamma, alpha, and beta subunits.
- When a signal binds to the receptor, the alpha subunit of the G protein undergoes a conformational change and converts GDP to GTP, becoming active.
- The active alpha subunit can either stimulate adenylyl cyclase (G sub s) or inhibit adenylyl cyclase (G sub i).
- Activation of adenylyl cyclase leads to the conversion of ATP to cAMP, which activates protein kinase A (PKA).
- Inhibition of adenylyl cyclase prevents the conversion of ATP to cAMP and the activation of PKA.
- The alpha subunit of the G protein can also work through a different system, stimulating phospholipase C (G sub q).
- Phospholipase C activates the conversion of PIP2 to IP3 and DAG.
- IP3 causes the release of calcium from the endoplasmic reticulum, while DAG activates protein kinase C (PKC).
- G-protein coupled receptors control the endocrine hormones FSH, LH, ACTH, TSH, CRH, HCG, ADH, MSH, PTH, calcitonin, GHRH, glucagon, and histamine.
- Receptor tyrosine kinases are the largest class of signal transductors and have inherent enzyme activity.
- Receptor tyrosine kinases undergo dimerization and cross-phosphorylation, leading to the activation of downstream kinases in the MAP kinase cascade.
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Description
Test your knowledge of signal transduction pathways in medicine with this quiz. Learn about G-protein coupled receptors, adenylyl cyclase, protein kinase A, phospholipase C, and receptor tyrosine kinases. Explore how these pathways control various endocrine hormones and their role in cellular signaling.
