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Questions and Answers
At what age do children typically start creating two-word phrases?
At what age do children typically start creating two-word phrases?
- 6-8 months
- 12-16 months
- 16-20 months
- 8-12 months (correct)
What type of speech is characterized by leaving out words that are not critical to the message?
What type of speech is characterized by leaving out words that are not critical to the message?
- Imperative speech
- Telegraphic speech (correct)
- Echoic speech
- Exclamatory speech
Which language group of infants is more likely to use verbs than nouns initially?
Which language group of infants is more likely to use verbs than nouns initially?
- Chinese Mandarin-speaking infants (correct)
- There is no specific trend observed
- North American English-speaking infants
- Both use them equally
Which process involves the initial recording of information in a usable form to memory?
Which process involves the initial recording of information in a usable form to memory?
What is the typical word order seen in the two-word phrases created by children?
What is the typical word order seen in the two-word phrases created by children?
Based on the provided text, at what age do children show a decline in telegraphic speech?
Based on the provided text, at what age do children show a decline in telegraphic speech?
What is the process by which material in memory storage is located, brought into awareness, and used?
What is the process by which material in memory storage is located, brought into awareness, and used?
Which aspect of memory aids children in processing information in their initial encounters with the world?
Which aspect of memory aids children in processing information in their initial encounters with the world?
What is the primary difference in two-word phrases between North American English-speaking and Chinese Mandarin-speaking infants?
What is the primary difference in two-word phrases between North American English-speaking and Chinese Mandarin-speaking infants?
What concept refers to the degree to which an activity requires attention?
What concept refers to the degree to which an activity requires attention?
Based on the text, how is memory defined?
Based on the text, how is memory defined?
What did kicking research demonstrate about memory capacities in infants?
What did kicking research demonstrate about memory capacities in infants?
What type of responses do female children hear more of compared to male children?
What type of responses do female children hear more of compared to male children?
In what type of speech are diminutives consistently used more often?
In what type of speech are diminutives consistently used more often?
What has been shown to facilitate language learning in cultures with a lot of infant-directed speech?
What has been shown to facilitate language learning in cultures with a lot of infant-directed speech?
What is the cultural significance of using more diminutives in speech directed at females?
What is the cultural significance of using more diminutives in speech directed at females?
In which cultures do babies meet language milestones within typical age ranges despite exposure to more overheard speech?
In which cultures do babies meet language milestones within typical age ranges despite exposure to more overheard speech?
Are babies capable of learning language from overheard speech?
Are babies capable of learning language from overheard speech?
At what age can an infant walk when holding onto someone’s hand or furniture according to the Bayley Scales?
At what age can an infant walk when holding onto someone’s hand or furniture according to the Bayley Scales?
Which milestone indicates the ability to turn pages in a book according to the Bayley Scales?
Which milestone indicates the ability to turn pages in a book according to the Bayley Scales?
What can an infant do at 38–42 months according to the Bayley Scales?
What can an infant do at 38–42 months according to the Bayley Scales?
What does the Bayley Scales suggest about an infant's abilities when they mimic a crayon stroke and label objects in a photo?
What does the Bayley Scales suggest about an infant's abilities when they mimic a crayon stroke and label objects in a photo?
At what age can an infant reproduce a drawing of a circle according to the Bayley Scales?
At what age can an infant reproduce a drawing of a circle according to the Bayley Scales?
What task is associated with an infant's ability to distinguish males from females according to the Bayley Scales?
What task is associated with an infant's ability to distinguish males from females according to the Bayley Scales?
What does the text suggest habituation tests are used to measure in infants?
What does the text suggest habituation tests are used to measure in infants?
Study Notes
Language Development in Infants
- Children typically start creating two-word phrases around 18-24 months.
- Telegraphic speech is characterized by leaving out words that are not critical to the message.
- Mandarin-speaking infants are more likely to use verbs than nouns initially.
Memory and Processing
- Encoding involves the initial recording of information in a usable form to memory.
- Retrieval is the process by which material in memory storage is located, brought into awareness, and used.
- Attention is the concept that refers to the degree to which an activity requires attention.
- Memory is defined as the ability to store, retain, and retrieve information.
Language and Culture
- North American English-speaking infants tend to use more nouns in their two-word phrases, while Chinese Mandarin-speaking infants use more verbs.
- Female children hear more diminutives (e.g., "doggy" instead of "dog") in speech directed at them compared to male children.
- Cultures with a lot of infant-directed speech facilitate language learning.
Infant Development Milestones
- According to the Bayley Scales, infants can walk while holding onto someone's hand or furniture by 12 months.
- By 18 months, infants can turn pages in a book.
- At 38-42 months, infants can mimic a crayon stroke and label objects in a photo.
- By 48 months, infants can reproduce a drawing of a circle.
- Habituation tests are used to measure an infant's ability to distinguish between males and females.
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Description
Explore the concepts of encoding, storage, and retrieval in information processing. Learn how information is initially recorded, placed into memory, and located for use. Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc.
