Foundations of Group Behavior Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What defines a formal group?

  • Defined by the organization’s structure (correct)
  • Comprised solely of friends outside of work
  • All members share a common interest
  • Formed spontaneously based on casual interactions

    • Informal groups are always defined by an organization's structure.

    False

    What does social identity theory help explain about individuals in groups?

    It explains when and why individuals consider themselves members of groups.

    ___ occurs when we perceive members of our group as superior to those outside of it.

    <p>Ingroup favoritism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following factors affects group performance?

    <p>Role requirements in different situations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following terms with their definitions:

    <p>Formal groups = Defined by organization’s structure Informal groups = Not officially recognized by organization Ingroup favoritism = Perceiving one's group as superior Social identity theory = Understanding membership and self-esteem</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Cohesiveness in group dynamics can contribute to effectiveness.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Explain why individuals have emotional reactions to their group's performance.

    <p>Because their self-esteem is tied to the success or failure of the group.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'social identity threat' refer to?

    <p>The fear of being negatively evaluated due to association with a devalued group.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Ingroup members can never be part of an outgroup.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is 'role conflict'?

    <p>A situation where an individual faces divergent role expectations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Individuals may lose confidence and performance effectiveness due to __________.

    <p>social identity threat</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following concepts with their descriptions:

    <p>Role Perception = One’s understanding of how to act in a situation Role Expectations = How others believe one should act in a situation Interrole Conflict = Conflict arising from opposing expectations from different groups Psychological Contract = Expectations about the relationship between employer and employee</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the Punctuated Equilibrium Model?

    <p>A framework illustrating periods of stability and change in team dynamics.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Philip Zimbardo’s prison experiment showed that individuals do not easily adopt roles that differ from their inherent personalities.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Define 'ingroup'.

    <p>A group to which an individual identifies as a member.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can lead to positive outcomes in group norms?

    <p>Positive group norms combined with other factors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    People in collectivist cultures share the same norms as those in individualist cultures.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does status characterize in a group setting?

    <p>A socially defined position or rank given to groups or group members.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The theory that explains how status is derived from power, contribution, and personal characteristics is called ______.

    <p>status characteristics theory</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a source of status according to status characteristics theory?

    <p>Their financial wealth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following group dynamics with their descriptions:

    <p>High status individuals = More freedom to deviate from norms Status inequity = Creates disequilibrium and can lead to resentment Large groups = Good for gaining diverse input Smaller groups = Better for executing tasks with input</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Smaller groups are better at gathering diverse input than larger groups.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What impact does perceived status inequity have on group behavior?

    <p>Creates disequilibrium and can lead to resentment and corrective behavior.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is social loafing?

    <p>The tendency for individuals to exert less effort in a group</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Diversity within a group always leads to improved performance immediately.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one strength of group decision making?

    <p>Increased diversity of views</p> Signup and view all the answers

    ___ occurs when group pressures for conformity deter critical appraisal of unusual views.

    <p>Groupthink</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following terms with their definitions:

    <p>Social loafing = Individuals exerting less effort in groups Groupthink = Conformity pressures that deter critical evaluation Diversity = Differences and similarities among group members Groupshift = Change in decision between group and individual</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a weakness of group decision making?

    <p>Time consuming</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Culturally diverse groups are less likely to be open-minded and creative compared to homogenous groups.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one potential negative outcome of group decision making?

    <p>Dominance of a few members</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary characteristic of interacting groups?

    <p>Members meet face-to-face.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Brainstorming allows for criticism of ideas during the session.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main advantage of the nominal group technique (NGT) over traditional brainstorming?

    <p>It allows for independent thinking without pressure for conformity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the nominal group technique, each member __________ their ideas on the problem independently before discussing them with the group.

    <p>writes down</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following group decision-making methods with their characteristics:

    <p>Interacting Group = Members communicate face-to-face and may self-censor Brainstorming = Encourages free-flowing ideas without criticism Nominal Group Technique = Members write ideas independently and rank them Groupthink = Tendency to conform and suppress dissenting opinions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the process of brainstorming?

    <p>Members are encouraged to think of as many alternatives as possible without criticism.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a brainstorming session, one idea can help stimulate others.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the final decision based on in the nominal group technique?

    <p>The idea with the highest aggregate ranking from group members.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Foundations of Group Behavior

    • Groups consist of two or more individuals who are interdependent and aim for common goals.
    • Groups are categorized into formal (defined by organizational structure) and informal (not formally structured) types.

    Different Types of Groups

    • Social Identity Theory: Explains why individuals identify with groups, influencing self-esteem based on group success or failure.
    • Ingroups and Outgroups: Ingroup favoritism can lead to viewing ingroup members as superior and outgroup members as homogeneous.
    • Social Identity Threat: Association with a devalued group can lead to negative evaluations, affecting individual confidence and performance.

    Punctuated-Equilibrium Model of Group Development

    • A model used to describe the phases groups undergo, particularly in its formation, productivity, and time constraints.

    Role Requirements Change

    • Role: Expected behavior patterns related to an individual's position within a group.
    • Role Conflict: Occurs when conflicting expectations arise from different groups.
    • Role Play: Demonstrated through Zimbardo’s prison experiment, where participants adopted roles opposite to their personalities.

    Norms and Individual Behavior

    • Norms are influenced by cultural contexts; collectivist and individualist societies have differing norms.
    • Cultural orientation can shift even after extensive exposure to a given culture.

    Status and Group Performance

    • Status: Defined rank or position within a group, determined by power, contributions, and personal characteristics.
    • High-status individuals can deviate from norms, while status inequity can create resentment.
    • Group size influences behavior; larger groups offer diverse input, while smaller groups are more efficient in implementing ideas.
    • Social Loafing: Describes reduced effort from individuals in group settings compared to working alone.

    Cohesiveness and Diversity in Groups

    • Groups with diverse members face initial conflict but may enhance performance over time by promoting creativity and open-mindedness.
    • Faultlines: Subgroups that form within diverse groups, which can lead to conflict.

    Group Decision Making

    • Strengths: Complete information, diverse views, and increased acceptance of solutions.
    • Weaknesses: Time consumption, pressure to conform, dominance by a few individuals, and unclear responsibility.
    • Groupthink: Lack of critical evaluation within groups due to conformity pressures.
    • Groupshift: Divergence between group decisions and individual decisions.

    Enhancing Group Decision Making

    • Brainstorming: Encourages free thinking and idea sharing without criticism, promoting creativity.
    • Nominal Group Technique (NGT): Allows independent thinking with limited group discussion, often leading to better outcomes than brainstorming.
    • Steps of NGT include independent idea generation, sharing, discussing for clarity, and ranking ideas for decision-making.

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    Description

    Test your understanding of group behavior concepts, including types of groups, the punctuated-equilibrium model, and the impact of norms on individual behavior. This quiz covers role requirements, status and size differences, and the effects of cohesiveness on group performance. Use this opportunity to solidify your knowledge on group dynamics.

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