Podcast
Questions and Answers
What percentage of critical data in Fortune 1000 company databases are typically inaccurate or incomplete?
What percentage of critical data in Fortune 1000 company databases are typically inaccurate or incomplete?
Which of the following is NOT a reason for data quality issues?
Which of the following is NOT a reason for data quality issues?
What is the purpose of data cleansing software?
What is the purpose of data cleansing software?
What is a data quality audit primarily used for?
What is a data quality audit primarily used for?
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Before implementing a new database, firms must perform which of the following tasks?
Before implementing a new database, firms must perform which of the following tasks?
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What is the primary purpose of web mining?
What is the primary purpose of web mining?
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Which type of web mining specifically analyzes the links to and from web pages?
Which type of web mining specifically analyzes the links to and from web pages?
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What is a common advantage of providing database access through the web?
What is a common advantage of providing database access through the web?
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What role does data administration focus on?
What role does data administration focus on?
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Which aspect is NOT typically covered by data governance?
Which aspect is NOT typically covered by data governance?
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What does web usage mining analyze?
What does web usage mining analyze?
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What is the typical configuration for web-accessed databases?
What is the typical configuration for web-accessed databases?
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Which of the following is NOT a type of web mining?
Which of the following is NOT a type of web mining?
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What is the primary function of a data warehouse?
What is the primary function of a data warehouse?
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Which of the following statements about data marts is correct?
Which of the following statements about data marts is correct?
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What is a key feature of Hadoop?
What is a key feature of Hadoop?
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What advantage does in-memory computing offer in big data analysis?
What advantage does in-memory computing offer in big data analysis?
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Which of the following best describes analytic platforms?
Which of the following best describes analytic platforms?
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What distinguishes a data mart from a data warehouse?
What distinguishes a data mart from a data warehouse?
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What is the Hadoop Distributed File System (HDFS) primarily used for?
What is the Hadoop Distributed File System (HDFS) primarily used for?
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In the context of business intelligence, what does the term 'analytics' refer to?
In the context of business intelligence, what does the term 'analytics' refer to?
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What is a primary function of OLAP in data analysis?
What is a primary function of OLAP in data analysis?
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Which of the following describes data mining?
Which of the following describes data mining?
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What is the primary purpose of referential integrity rules in a relational database management system (RDBMS)?
What is the primary purpose of referential integrity rules in a relational database management system (RDBMS)?
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Which data mining technique is used to cluster data into groups based on similarities?
Which data mining technique is used to cluster data into groups based on similarities?
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What is one of the key applications of text mining?
What is one of the key applications of text mining?
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Which statement best describes an entity-relationship diagram?
Which statement best describes an entity-relationship diagram?
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In OLAP analysis, which aspect is NOT considered a dimension?
In OLAP analysis, which aspect is NOT considered a dimension?
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What characterizes an unnormalized relation in a database?
What characterizes an unnormalized relation in a database?
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What happens to an order relation after the normalization process?
What happens to an order relation after the normalization process?
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What type of information can data mining predict based on existing data?
What type of information can data mining predict based on existing data?
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What is the advantage of a non-relational database over a relational database?
What is the advantage of a non-relational database over a relational database?
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Sentiment analysis software is primarily used for which purpose?
Sentiment analysis software is primarily used for which purpose?
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How does OLAP enhance decision-making for businesses?
How does OLAP enhance decision-making for businesses?
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Which of the following is NOT a benefit of using a normalized database design?
Which of the following is NOT a benefit of using a normalized database design?
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Which entities would be relevant in designing a database for a T-shirt webshop?
Which entities would be relevant in designing a database for a T-shirt webshop?
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What does a combined key in a normalized table typically consist of?
What does a combined key in a normalized table typically consist of?
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What is the primary function of the SELECT operation in a relational DBMS?
What is the primary function of the SELECT operation in a relational DBMS?
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Which of the following correctly describes a primary key in a table?
Which of the following correctly describes a primary key in a table?
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What does the JOIN operation achieve when used in a relational DBMS?
What does the JOIN operation achieve when used in a relational DBMS?
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What is the role of a foreign key in a relational database?
What is the role of a foreign key in a relational database?
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How does the PROJECT operation function in a relational DBMS?
How does the PROJECT operation function in a relational DBMS?
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A relational database table is organized as which of the following?
A relational database table is organized as which of the following?
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In a relational database, what is typically true of the key field?
In a relational database, what is typically true of the key field?
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Which of the following statements about entities and attributes in a relational database is true?
Which of the following statements about entities and attributes in a relational database is true?
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Flashcards
Relational DBMS
Relational DBMS
A system that organizes data into two-dimensional tables with rows and columns.
Table (in DBMS)
Table (in DBMS)
A grid format where data is organized in rows (records) and columns (attributes).
Row (Tuple)
Row (Tuple)
A record in a database table representing a single instance of an entity.
Column (Field)
Column (Field)
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Primary Key
Primary Key
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Foreign Key
Foreign Key
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SELECT Operation
SELECT Operation
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JOIN Operation
JOIN Operation
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Data Quality
Data Quality
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Data Quality Audit
Data Quality Audit
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Data Cleansing
Data Cleansing
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Redundant Data
Redundant Data
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Faulty Input
Faulty Input
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Referential Integrity
Referential Integrity
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Entity-Relationship Diagram
Entity-Relationship Diagram
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Data Model
Data Model
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Unnormalized Relation
Unnormalized Relation
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Normalized Tables
Normalized Tables
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Non-relational Databases
Non-relational Databases
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Attributes in Entities
Attributes in Entities
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Designing Tables and Columns
Designing Tables and Columns
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Analytical tools
Analytical tools
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Online Analytical Processing (OLAP)
Online Analytical Processing (OLAP)
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Multidimensional data analysis
Multidimensional data analysis
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Data mining
Data mining
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Types of data mining info
Types of data mining info
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Text mining
Text mining
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Sentiment analysis
Sentiment analysis
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Patterns in data
Patterns in data
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Web Mining
Web Mining
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Web Content Mining
Web Content Mining
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Web Structure Mining
Web Structure Mining
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Web Usage Mining
Web Usage Mining
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Web Database Configuration
Web Database Configuration
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Information Policy
Information Policy
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Data Governance
Data Governance
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Database Administration
Database Administration
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Business intelligence infrastructure
Business intelligence infrastructure
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Data warehouse
Data warehouse
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Data marts
Data marts
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Hadoop
Hadoop
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In-memory computing
In-memory computing
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Analytic platforms
Analytic platforms
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Hadoop Distributed File System (HDFS)
Hadoop Distributed File System (HDFS)
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MapReduce
MapReduce
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Study Notes
Information Systems: Theory & Practice
- Course Title: Foundations of Business Intelligence: Databases and Information Management
- Instructor: Prof. Dr. Paul Drews
Learning Objectives
- Understand the issues with managing data in traditional file environments
- Learn the key capabilities of database management systems (DBMS), focusing on relational DBMSs
- Explore tools and technologies for accessing and improving business performance and decision-making using databases
- Discover why information policies, data administration, and data quality are crucial for managing a firm's data resources
Astro Case Study
- Business Challenges: Growing competition, need for new services, legacy infrastructure
- Management: Develop IT plan, Implement system, Train employees, Establish enterprise-wide standards
- Technology: AWS Data Lake, AWS Storage Service, Elastic Compute Cloud
- Organization: Implement technology strategies
- Business Solutions: Real-time customer analysis, Content curation, multi-channel advertising
Agenda
- Managing Data in a Traditional File Environment
- Database Management Systems
- Tools for improving business performance and decision-making
- Managing the firm's data resources
File Organization Concepts
- Database: A collection of related files
- File: A collection of records
- Record: A collection of related fields
- Field: A collection of characters (words/numbers)
- Entity: A person, place, or thing (e.g., COURSE)
- Attribute: A characteristic describing an entity (e.g., GRADE or DATE for a COURSE)
The Data Hierarchy
- Data organization structure: bit (0 or 1) → byte → field → record → file → database
- Bits group to form bytes, a byte represents character, number or symbol
- Related fields group into records
- Related records form a file, and related files organize into a database
Managing Data in a Traditional File Environment (Problems)
- Data redundancy: Duplicate data in multiple files
- Data inconsistency: Attributes having different values in different files
- Program-data dependence: Program changes require data changes
- Lack of flexibility: Difficulty adapting to changing needs
- Poor security: Lack of central control
- Lack of data sharing and availability
Traditional File Processing
- Each department develops its own application
- Creates specific files for each application
- Subsets of master files lead to redundancy and inconsistency
Capabilities of Database Management Systems (DBMS)
- Centralizes data, controls redundant data
- Separates logical and physical data views
- Eliminates problems of traditional file environment
- Controls redundancy, eliminates inconsistency
- Uncouples programs and data
- Enables centralized data and data security management
Human Resources Database with Multiple Views
- Multiple views of data depending on user needs
- Benefits specialist: Different data points than payroll department
Capabilities of Database Management Systems (DBMS): Relational DBMS
- Represents data in two-dimensional tables
- Each table has rows (records) and columns (attributes)
- Tables relate to each other using unique keys
Relational Database Tables
- Entities represented as separate tables
- Tables linked using key fields (primary and foreign keys)
- Primary key uniquely identifies each record in a table
- Foreign keys link records across tables
Capabilities of Database Management Systems (DBMS): Operations of a Relational DBMS
- SELECT: Subset of data with specified criteria
- JOIN: Combines data from multiple tables
- PROJECT: Extracts subset of specified columns
The Three Basic Operations (Relational DBMS)
- Selecting rows, joining, and projecting from multiple tables form a combined view of selected data
Capabilities of Database Management Systems (DBMS): Capabilities of Database Management Systems (DBMS)
- Data definition capability
- Data dictionary
- Querying and reporting: Data manipulation language (SQL)
- Report generation
Microsoft Access Data Dictionary Features
- Rudimentary data dictionary capability shows data type, format, and characteristics of fields in a database
Example of an SQL Query
- SQL query examples demonstrating retrieval of data from multiple tables, using criteria to show results from linked tables
An Access Query
- Illustrates how queries are built in Microsoft Access.
Capabilities of Database Management Systems (DBMS): Designing Databases
- Conceptual design (high-level abstraction of business perspective)
- Physical design (details of database storage)
- Normalization reduces redundant data elements
Capabilities of Database Management Systems (DBMS): Referential Integrity Rules
- Ensures relationships between tables remain consistent, crucial for data integrity
An Unnormalized Relation for Order
- Example of an unnormalized table, showing redundant data
Normalized Tables Created from Order
- Example Relational database to solve the problems represented by the unnormalized database
An Entity-Relationship Diagram
- Illustrates relationships between entities in a relational database
Your Task
- Design a database for a T-shirt webshop.
- Identify relevant entities and their attributes to include in the database design.
- Design the database tables and columns.
Capabilities of Database Management Systems (DBMS): Non-relational Databases
- More flexible data models.
- Data stored across distributed machines.
- Easier to scale.
- Handling large volumes of unstructured and structured data
Capabilities of Database Management Systems (DBMS): Databases in the Cloud
- Appeal to start-ups and smaller businesses
- Examples: Amazon Relational Database Service, Microsoft SQL Azure, private clouds
Agenda (Summary)
- Managing data in traditional file environments
- Database Management Systems
- Tools to improve business performance and decision making
- Managing the firm's data resources
Managing the Firm's Data Resources
- Establish policies and procedures for sharing, managing, and standardizing data.
- Implement data administration policies and procedures.
- Utilize data governance policies and processes for handling data availability, usability, integrity, and security (especially government regulations).
- Establish database administration to manage and maintain the database.
Managing the Firm's Data Resources: Ensuring Data Quality
- Data quality audit: Surveys and software to detect inaccurate, incomplete, redundant or inconsistently formatted data.
- Data cleansing: Correcting faulty data. Establish procedures for ongoing editing of data to maintain quality.
Tools for Improving Business Performance and Decision Making
Tools for Improving Business Performance and Decision Making: Hadoop
- Enables distributed parallel processing of vast data volumes.
- Key services: Hadoop Distributed File System (HDFS), MapReduce, Hbase
Tools for Improving Business Performance and Decision Making: In-memory Computing
- Uses a computer's main memory (RAM) for data storage.
- Enhances speed and responsiveness of analyses.
- Requires optimized hardware.
Tools for Improving Business Performance and Decision Making: Analytical Platforms
- Optimized for large datasets using both relational and non-relational tools for powerful analysis capabilities
Tools for Improving Business Performance and Decision Making: Analytical Tools
- Consolidating, analyzing, and providing access to data to support better business decision making.
- Techniques like OLAP, data mining and text mining
Tools for Improving Business Performance and Decision Making: Online Analytical Processing (OLAP)
- Supports multi-dimensional data analysis, viewing data from multiple perspectives.
Tools for Improving Business Performance and Decision Making: Data Mining
- Identifies hidden patterns and relationships in datasets.
- Infers rules for future behavior predictions.
Tools for Improving Business Performance and Decision Making: Text Mining
- Extracts key information from unstructured data sets (e-mails, transcripts, etc.).
- Detecting sentiments and opinions.
Tools for Improving Business Performance and Decision Making: Web Mining
- Discovers insights from web pages, links, content, structures and user behavior
Tools for Improving Business Performance and Decision Making: Databases and the Web
- Companies make internal databases available via web interface (web server, application server, database server).
Linking Internal Databases to the Web
- Diagram showing how a client with a web browser accesses an organization's internal database via the internet using web server, application server, and database server.
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Description
Test your understanding of key concepts in business intelligence and database management systems. This quiz covers topics such as data management issues, DBMS capabilities, and the importance of information policies. Enhance your skills in using databases to improve business performance and decision-making.