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Questions and Answers
Which process is primarily involved in converting thermal energy to electrical energy in fossil power plants?
Which process is primarily involved in converting thermal energy to electrical energy in fossil power plants?
What is the main purpose of the boiler in a fossil power plant?
What is the main purpose of the boiler in a fossil power plant?
How is coal prepared before being burned in a fossil power plant?
How is coal prepared before being burned in a fossil power plant?
Why is natural gas considered the easiest fossil fuel to burn?
Why is natural gas considered the easiest fossil fuel to burn?
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Which method is NOT used for transporting coal to a fossil power plant?
Which method is NOT used for transporting coal to a fossil power plant?
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What is the role of the turbine in a fossil power plant?
What is the role of the turbine in a fossil power plant?
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Which of the following statements about fossil power plants is incorrect?
Which of the following statements about fossil power plants is incorrect?
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What type of energy conversion is primarily utilized in combined cycle plants?
What type of energy conversion is primarily utilized in combined cycle plants?
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Which system is NOT a major system of a boiler?
Which system is NOT a major system of a boiler?
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What is the purpose of the deaerator in the condenser?
What is the purpose of the deaerator in the condenser?
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Which of the following pollutants contributes directly to the formation of acid rain?
Which of the following pollutants contributes directly to the formation of acid rain?
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Which component transforms heat energy from steam into mechanical energy?
Which component transforms heat energy from steam into mechanical energy?
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What defines the maximum thermal efficiency of a fossil power plant?
What defines the maximum thermal efficiency of a fossil power plant?
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What is the primary function of synchronous machines in fossil power plants?
What is the primary function of synchronous machines in fossil power plants?
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Which of the following statements about ground-level ozone is true?
Which of the following statements about ground-level ozone is true?
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What is the primary consequence of sulfur oxides and nitrous oxides emissions?
What is the primary consequence of sulfur oxides and nitrous oxides emissions?
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Which type of prime mover is typically used for high-speed machines?
Which type of prime mover is typically used for high-speed machines?
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What distinguishes rotating-armature synchronous machines from rotating-field synchronous machines?
What distinguishes rotating-armature synchronous machines from rotating-field synchronous machines?
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What is the overall thermal efficiency of modern combined cycle plants?
What is the overall thermal efficiency of modern combined cycle plants?
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Which cycle is not part of the efficiency determination in a combined cycle plant?
Which cycle is not part of the efficiency determination in a combined cycle plant?
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Which type of synchronous machine has a cylindrical rotor?
Which type of synchronous machine has a cylindrical rotor?
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What is a major limitation of conventional gas turbine plants?
What is a major limitation of conventional gas turbine plants?
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What is the primary fuel type used in combined cycle power plants for its environmental benefits?
What is the primary fuel type used in combined cycle power plants for its environmental benefits?
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How is the input power to a power station expressed mathematically?
How is the input power to a power station expressed mathematically?
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What is the primary fuel source for combustion turbines in fossil power plants?
What is the primary fuel source for combustion turbines in fossil power plants?
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What is the output power formula for a three-phase system?
What is the output power formula for a three-phase system?
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In a combined cycle plant, which cycle is the gas turbine associated with?
In a combined cycle plant, which cycle is the gas turbine associated with?
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Why are conventional gas turbine plants often restricted to serving as peaking or reserve units?
Why are conventional gas turbine plants often restricted to serving as peaking or reserve units?
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What distinguishes combined cycle plants from cogeneration plants?
What distinguishes combined cycle plants from cogeneration plants?
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What feature allows gas turbines to be taken from a cold start to 100% power quickly?
What feature allows gas turbines to be taken from a cold start to 100% power quickly?
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What is the expression for plant efficiency?
What is the expression for plant efficiency?
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What does the calorific value measure in a fuel?
What does the calorific value measure in a fuel?
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Study Notes
Fossil Power Plants
- These plants utilize a range of energy sources, including both renewable and nonrenewable resources.
- Most nonrenewable energy generation methods involve a thermal-to-mechanical-to-electrical conversion process.
- Renewable energy sources, like solar, wind, and hydro, use diverse conversion paths to produce electricity.
- Examples of Fossil Fuel Power Plants include:
- Fuel Storage and Handling
- Boiler
- Turbine
- Generator and Electrical System
- Combustion Turbine
- Combined Cycle Plants
Fossil Power Plants - Boiler
- Boiler structure is an inverted U-shaped steel structure.
- Boiler walls are covered by water tubes.
- Major boiler systems include:
- Fuel injection system
- Water-steam system
- Air-flue gas system
- Ash handling system
Fossil Power Plants - Condenser
- A deaerator within the condenser removes air from condensed water to prevent corrosion.
- Heat dissipation techniques include:
- Once-through cooling (river, lake, or ocean)
- Cooling ponds (including spray ponds)
- Cooling towers
Fossil Power Plants - Electrostatic Precipitators
- These devices remove particulate matter from flue gas.
- By using high-voltage power supply, positively charged particles are attracted to negatively charged collection plates.
- This process traps dust particles and other pollutants.
Fossil Power Plants - Combustion Gasses
- Ideal combustion produces only water and carbon dioxide.
- Major pollutants are sulfur oxides (SOx), nitrogen oxides (NOx), and carbon monoxide (CO).
- SOx and NOx contribute to acid rain and respiratory problems.
- CO causes oxygen-carrying capacity reduction in blood.
Fossil Power Plants - Turbine
- Steam's thermal energy is converted into mechanical energy by the turbine.
- Steam flows through blades causing rotational motion, driving the shaft.
Fossil Power Plants - Generator and Electrical System
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Synchronous machines are primarily used as alternating current (AC) generators for various sectors (industrial, commercial, agricultural, domestic).
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Generator sizes range from tens to hundreds of megawatts.
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The prime mover for the generator (e.g., steam turbine, diesel engines) converts mechanical energy into electrical energy.
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High-speed machines often use steam turbines, while low-speed machines might be driven by hydro turbines.
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Synchronous machines are classified by field and armature winding arrangements.
- Rotating-armature type: armature windings on the rotor, field on the stator
- Rotating-field type: armature windings on the stator, field system on the rotor
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Machine types also vary by the shape of the field:
- Cylindrical-rotor (non-salient pole)
- Salient-pole
Fossil Power Plants - Generator Electrical System
- The generator electrical system in a power plant includes components like transformers, auxiliary transformers, circuit breakers, and current and voltage transformers. This interconnected network distributes and manages electricity.
Fossil Power Plants - Combustion Turbine
- Petroleum and natural gas combustion in a furnace boiler can generate steam to power turbines and generators in larger plants
- Smaller plants use a combusting gas turbine utilizing the Brayton thermal cycle
- Smaller structure compared to large plants designed for quick starting.
Fossil Power Plants - Combined Cycle
- These plants utilize gas turbines (Brayton) alongside steam turbines (Rankine) to improve efficiency.
- This combined use improves efficiency.
- Significant efficiency compared to individual cycle plants.
Fuel Calorific Value
- The calorific value refers to the heat produced after complete combustion.
- It is often expressed in energy per unit mass (e.g., kJ/kg).
Plant Output Power and Efficiency
- Plant output power can be calculated using factors such as line voltage, line current, and phase-shift angle in 3-phase systems.
- In simplified scenarios, direct current (DC) output power calculations are used.
- The plant efficiency is found by dividing the output power by the input power.
- Losses include auxiliary power needs and system losses.
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Description
Discover the fundamental components and mechanisms of fossil power plants in this quiz. Learn how these plants utilize different energy sources for electricity generation, including the roles of boilers and condensers. Test your knowledge about the systems that make fossil fuel power production possible.
