Formulation Components of Syrups Quiz

Sorbitol and mannitol have a lower sweetness intensity per unit weight compared to sucrose, meaning you need more of them to achieve the same sweetness level.

Patients with phenylketonuria, a rare genetic disorder, cannot properly break down phenylalanine. Aspartame contains phenylalanine and can lead to health complications for these individuals, hence pharmacists need to be aware of this condition when dispensing aspartame-containing products.

Coloring agents add visual appeal to syrups, making them more attractive and appealing to patients, especially children.

A suitable colorant for syrups should maintain its color stability under various pH levels and light conditions. This ensures the color remains consistent and doesn't degrade over time.

The primary function of a sweetener in a liquid dosage form is to make the formulation sweet, masking the often unpleasant taste of the active ingredient.

Flavoring agents are added to liquid dosage forms to mask the taste of the active ingredient, making the medication more palatable for patients.

Flavorants are added to syrups primarily to make them taste better, enhancing patient compliance and ensuring they take the medication as prescribed.

Small amounts of alcohol are sometimes added to syrups to help dissolve flavoring agents that are poorly soluble in water. This ensures the flavor is evenly distributed and effective.

Sweeteners are primarily added to liquid dosage forms to mask the often unpleasant taste of the drug, making it more acceptable for patients to consume.

Administering hyperosmotic solutions, which have a higher concentration of solutes compared to body fluids, to certain patients can lead to diarrhea or gastrointestinal upset, as their bodies struggle to adjust to the osmotic imbalance.

The main purpose of using sucrose as a sweetening agent in oral liquids is to mask the taste of the drug, making the medication more palatable for patient consumption.

A key point regarding the use of sucrose in oral liquid formulations is that it can contribute to the osmotic load of the product, meaning it can increase the concentration of solutes in the product, which may have implications for certain patients.

Elixirs with high alcoholic content often use artificial sweeteners like saccharin instead of sucrose because sucrose has limited solubility in alcohol, requiring larger quantities to achieve the same sweetness level.

Elixirs should be stored in airtight, light-resistant containers and protected from excessive heat to maintain their stability and prevent degradation of their components.

When preparing an elixir, the aqueous solution (water-based) should be added to the alcoholic solution. This ensures proper mixing and prevents potential precipitation of ingredients.

After preparation, allowing an elixir to stand for a prescribed time ensures saturation of the hydroalcoholic solvent and allows oil globules to coalesce, making filtration easier and resulting in a clearer product.

An elixir may become cloudy after preparation due to the separation of some flavoring oils. This can occur as the alcoholic concentration decreases, affecting the solubility of the oils.

Heating the mixture to increase solubility of the ingredients is not a typical step in the preparation of an elixir. Excessive heat can potentially degrade the components of the elixir and alter its properties.

Salicylic acid is primarily used for removing corns and warts. It works by softening and dissolving the keratinized tissue.

Salicylic acid should be applied one drop at a time, allowing each drop to dry completely before applying the next. This helps prevent over-application and minimizes irritation.

To protect the surrounding healthy skin, apply a layer of white petrolatum around the affected area before using salicylic acid. This helps prevent irritation and damage to healthy skin.

Liquid dosage forms are generally recommended to be administered with a full glass of water. This helps ensure the medication is swallowed effectively and reduces the risk of irritation.

When selecting liquid products, pharmacists should consider the patient's history and any concurrent medications they may be taking. This helps avoid drug interactions and ensure the product is appropriate for the patient.

Aluminum acetate topical solution is typically applied diluted with water. The appropriate dilution ratio varies, usually ranging from 10 to 40 parts of water, and is used as an astringent wash or wet dressing.

Aluminum subacetate topical solution is primarily used as an astringent wash and wet dressing. It helps reduce inflammation and soothe irritated skin.

The ratio of aluminum oxide to acetic acid in aluminum subacetate topical solution is 1:2.35. This specific ratio contributes to the solution's astringent and soothing properties.

The solubility of calcium hydroxide in water decreases with increasing temperature. This means it dissolves better in cold water than in hot water.

To ensure saturation in the preparation of calcium hydroxide topical solution, an excess of 300 mg per 100 mL of solution is recommended. This helps maintain a stable concentration of calcium hydroxide.

The minimum concentration of calcium hydroxide required in calcium hydroxide topical solution is 140 mg per 100 mL. This ensures the solution has the desired therapeutic effect.

During the preparation of calcium hydroxide topical solution, the solution should be agitated for at least 1 hour. This ensures proper mixing and dissolution of the calcium hydroxide.