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Questions and Answers
What type of syrup contains a medical or therapeutic agent?
What type of syrup contains a medical or therapeutic agent?
What is the concentration of sucrose in a simple syrup?
What is the concentration of sucrose in a simple syrup?
Which of the following is a sugar-free syrup component?
Which of the following is a sugar-free syrup component?
What property of sucrose is highlighted as beneficial in pharmaceutical preparations?
What property of sucrose is highlighted as beneficial in pharmaceutical preparations?
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Why must preservatives be added to dextrose-based syrups?
Why must preservatives be added to dextrose-based syrups?
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What is one of the advantages of using syrups as a vehicle for administration?
What is one of the advantages of using syrups as a vehicle for administration?
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How are syrups typically stored to avoid microbial growth?
How are syrups typically stored to avoid microbial growth?
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What happens to sugar syrup when stored below 4°C?
What happens to sugar syrup when stored below 4°C?
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What is one of the disadvantages of using syrups for unconscious patients?
What is one of the disadvantages of using syrups for unconscious patients?
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Which component is often found in syrups to enhance their taste?
Which component is often found in syrups to enhance their taste?
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What is the function of citric acid in the preparation of ferrous sulfate syrup?
What is the function of citric acid in the preparation of ferrous sulfate syrup?
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Which of the following is NOT a suitable preservative for use in syrups?
Which of the following is NOT a suitable preservative for use in syrups?
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Why can't syrups avoid first pass metabolism?
Why can't syrups avoid first pass metabolism?
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What role does alcohol play in certain syrups?
What role does alcohol play in certain syrups?
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What is the main reason why syrups are not convenient for patients with gastrointestinal disorders?
What is the main reason why syrups are not convenient for patients with gastrointestinal disorders?
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How is ferrous sulfate typically adjusted in syrup preparation to prevent auto-oxidation?
How is ferrous sulfate typically adjusted in syrup preparation to prevent auto-oxidation?
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Study Notes
Syrups: Definition and Classification
- Syrups are sweet, viscous, concentrated aqueous preparations of sugar or sugar substitutes, with optional flavoring agents and medicinal substances.
Medical Classification of Syrups
- Medicated syrups: These contain therapeutic agents, such as antibiotics, antihistamines, antitussives, sedatives, and vitamins.
- Non-medicated syrups (Flavored syrups): These syrups serve as pleasant-tasting vehicles for medicinal substances. Examples include cherry syrup, orange syrup, and simple syrup.
Pharmaceutical Classification of Syrups
- Sugar-based syrups: Concentrated solutions of sugar, typically sucrose or dextrose.
- Sugar-free syrups (Artificial syrups): Formulated with artificial sweeteners like sorbitol and viscosity builders.
Advantages of Sucrose in Syrup Formulation
- High purity
- High degree of sweetness
- Lack of color
- Ease of handling
- Inertness
Simple Syrup
- A saturated solution of sucrose in purified water with a sucrose concentration of 66.7% w/w.
Differences Between Sucrose and Dextrose
- Dextrose's saturated solution is 70%, making it susceptible to microbial growth, requiring preservatives.
- Dextrose dissolves slower than sucrose.
- Dextrose is less sweet than sucrose.
Storage of Syrups
- Store at room temperature in tightly stoppered, well-filled bottles to prevent microbial growth and saturation.
- Refrigeration inhibits mold growth and inversion, but temperatures below 4°C can cause sugar crystallization.
Advantages of Syrups
- Retard oxidation: Sucrose partially hydrolyzes to reducing sugars like dextrose and levulose, preventing decomposition of many substances.
- Prevent decomposition of vegetable substances: High osmotic pressure in syrups inhibits the growth of bacteria, fungi, and molds, protecting vegetable matter from decomposition.
- Palatability: Sweetness makes syrups excellent vehicles for administering unpleasant substances.
Disadvantages of Syrups
- Not suitable for emergency situations or unconscious patients.
- Not convenient for patients with gastrointestinal disorders like diarrhea, constipation, ulcers, or hyperacidity.
- Syrups cannot prevent first-pass metabolism.
Components of Syrups
- Purified water
- Sugar (usually sucrose or sugar substitute)
- Antimicrobial preservatives
- Flavorants
- Colorants
- Viscosity modifiers
- Special solvents (including alcohol), solubilizing agents, thickeners, and stabilizers may be present in commercially prepared syrups.
Suitable Preservatives for Syrups
- Benzoate
- Parabens
- Sorbic acid
- Mixtures of methylparaben and alcohols
Alcohol in Syrups
- Small amounts (not exceeding 10%) can be added to solubilize alcohol-soluble ingredients.
- Alcohol concentrates by evaporation above the syrup, preventing surface mold growth.
Ferrous Sulfate Syrup (Sirupus Ferrum Sulfuricum)
-
Formula:
- Ferrous sulfate: 40 g
- Citric acid: 2.1 g
- Peppermint spirit: 2.0 ml
- Sucrose: 667 g
- Water to make: 1000 ml
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Directions:
- Make a syrup and dispense 15 ml.
- Label: Take according to directions (m.d.s.).
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Use: Used as a tonic for the treatment of anemia.
Ferrous Sulfate Syrup: Procedure
- Combine 4 g sucrose, 0.03 g citric acid, 0.6 g ferrous sulfate, and 2 drops of peppermint spirit in 8 ml of water. Shake well with a glass rod.
- Add the remaining portion of sucrose gradually to ensure a clear solution.
- Add water to make a final volume of 15 ml.
Notes on Ferrous Sulfate Syrup
- Grind sucrose thoroughly for faster dissolution.
- Ferrous ion oxidizes to ferric ion, forming a precipitate that is poorly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract (GIT).
- Add ferrous sulfate to sucrose solution to inhibit auto-oxidation of ferrous ions.
- Citric acid prevents syrup discoloration by chelating iron.
- Peppermint serves as a flavoring agent.
Ferrous Ion Oxidation
- Ferrous (Fe2+) - Green
- Ferric (Fe3+) - Reddish Brown
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Description
Explore the fascinating world of syrups through this quiz that delves into their definitions, classifications, and pharmaceutical applications. Understand the distinctions between medicated and non-medicated syrups, as well as the differences between sugar-based and sugar-free varieties.
