Formal Language and Regular Expressions Quiz

10 Questions

What is the primary usage of JavaScript?

Client-side scripting for web applications

A context-free grammar can be ambiguous.

True

What is the purpose of lexical analysis in compiler design?

To break the source code into a sequence of tokens

The parse tree of a derivation in a context-free grammar represents the _______ of the sentence.

syntactic structure

Match the following compiler design phases with their descriptions:

Lexical analysis = Breaking the source code into a sequence of tokens Syntax analysis = Parsing the token sequence into a parse tree Semantic analysis = Checking the meaning of the parse tree Code generation = Generating machine code from the parse tree

What is the purpose of type checking in compiler design?

To check the type compatibility of the source code

A DFA can recognize all regular languages.

True

What is the purpose of the YACC programming specification?

To generate a parser from a given grammar

The ___________ hierarchy of languages is a classification of languages based on their generating power.

Chomsky

What is the purpose of data flow analysis in compiler design?

To analyze the flow of data in the program

Study Notes

Module-I: Formal Language and Regular Expressions

Formal languages are defined using regular expressions
Finite Automata is a mathematical model for recognizing regular expressions
There are two types of Finite Automata: DFA (Deterministic Finite Automata) and NFA (Non-Deterministic Finite Automata)
Conversion of regular expressions to NFA and NFA to DFA is possible
Applications of Finite Automata include lexical analysis and lex tools
Context-Free Grammars (CFG) are used to generate syntax of programming languages
Parsing is the process of analyzing a string of symbols to determine its grammatical structure
LL(K) and LL(1) grammars are types of CFGs used for parsing

Module-II: Bottom-up Parsing and Semantics

Bottom-up parsing is a parsing technique that constructs a parse tree from an input string
Handle pruning is a technique used to improve the efficiency of bottom-up parsing
LR Grammar Parsing and LALR parsing are types of bottom-up parsing
YACC (Yet Another Compiler Compiler) is a tool used to generate parsers
Syntax-directed translation is a technique used to generate intermediate code
S-attributed and L-attributed grammars are used to define the semantics of programming languages
Abstract Syntax Trees (ASTs) are data structures used to represent the source code of a program

Module-III: Context-Sensitive Features

The Chomsky Hierarchy is a classification of formal languages based on their power
Type checking is a technique used to ensure the correctness of a program
Type conversions and equivalence of type expressions are used to check the type safety of a program
Overloading of functions and operations is a feature of programming languages
Context-sensitive features are used to analyze the semantics of a program

Module-IV: Run-time Storage and Code Optimization

Storage organization refers to the way a program's data is stored in memory
Storage allocation strategies are used to manage memory allocation
Scope and access control are used to manage the visibility of variables
Code optimization is the process of improving the performance of a program
Principal sources of optimization include redundancy elimination and strength reduction
Peephole optimization and flow graphs are techniques used to optimize basic blocks
Data flow analysis is used to analyze the flow of data in a program

Module-V: Code Generation

Machine-dependent code generation is the process of generating code for a specific machine
Object code forms are used to represent the target code
Generic code generation algorithms are used to generate code for different machines
Register allocation and assignment are used to optimize the use of registers
DAG (Directed Acyclic Graph) representation of blocks is used to optimize the code generation process