Form, Function, and Design of Structures

Form, Function, and Design of Structures

• Structures have a defined size, shape, and purpose, and can hold a load.
• Engineers must first determine the function of a structure
• Aesthetics (looks), cost of development, safety, and health impacts are important considerations alongside legal restrictions and lifespan.

What Is a Structure?

• A structure is something with a definite size, shape, and purpose that can hold a load.
• Engineers consider the intended purpose of the structure when designing it

What Is Form?

• Form encompasses the shape, size, and materials of a structure.
• Structures are designed to best utilize materials in the structure's form.

What Is Function?

• Function refers to the structure's purpose or ability to perform a specific task.
• Form follows function is a design principle emphasizing that the structure's form should reflect its purpose.

Types of Structures

• Structures are categorized as shell, frame, or solid.
• Shell structures use an outer layer for support, like glass jars, cans, and eggshells.
• Frame structures rely on interconnected components to form a framework; these can be two or three-dimensional. Examples are fences and houses.
• Solid structures are made of one piece of solid material and can also be called mass structures; examples include dams and pyramids.

Forces on Bridges

• Bridges are useful for crossing waterways and gaps, opening access to previously inaccessible areas.
• Bridges need to have strength against internal and external forces to ensure safety.
• Internal forces include compression, tension, shear, and torsion.
• External forces include gravity, wind, and water.

Ergonomics

• Ergonomics is the study of how tools, furniture, and workplaces can be designed to allow people to work comfortably and efficiently.
• Proper positioning can prevent musculoskeletal disorders.
• The 90-90-90 rule for sitting at a desk recommends maintaining a 90-degree angle at the feet, knees, and back. Desks should be adjusted so that screens are at eye level. Frequent breaks are also essential.

Symmetry

• Symmetry is when an object appears the same on both sides.
• In structures, symmetry involves a general balance and harmony.
• Symmetry aids in stability. The centre of gravity is often situated along the line of symmetry in a structure because this enhances stability.
• Aesthetically pleasing structures often display symmetry.

Explore the essential principles of structural design focusing on form, function, and aesthetics. Understand how engineers determine the purpose and materials of various structures, as well as the types of structures that exist. Learn how these elements contribute to safety, cost, and legal considerations in engineering.