Podcast
Questions and Answers
What primary fields contribute to the foundation of forest mensuration?
What primary fields contribute to the foundation of forest mensuration?
In forest inventory, what is the significance of incorporating remotely sensed data and covariates?
In forest inventory, what is the significance of incorporating remotely sensed data and covariates?
What is the ultimate objective of forest mensuration in forest management?
What is the ultimate objective of forest mensuration in forest management?
Forest management plans rely on detailed predictions primarily concerning which aspects?
Forest management plans rely on detailed predictions primarily concerning which aspects?
Signup and view all the answers
What critical decision-making areas do forest managers address based on the outputs from forest models?
What critical decision-making areas do forest managers address based on the outputs from forest models?
Signup and view all the answers
Why are good models and data essential for forest management?
Why are good models and data essential for forest management?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the primary purpose of determining the volume of timber in a forest inventory?
What is the primary purpose of determining the volume of timber in a forest inventory?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following is a key application of forest inventory for pre-investment decisions?
Which of the following is a key application of forest inventory for pre-investment decisions?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the main reason for integrating non-timber inventory in forest mensuration?
What is the main reason for integrating non-timber inventory in forest mensuration?
Signup and view all the answers
What aspect of forest resources does a map showing regions of high or low volume production primarily assist in?
What aspect of forest resources does a map showing regions of high or low volume production primarily assist in?
Signup and view all the answers
What does forest mensuration offer in terms of problem-solving and decision-making?
What does forest mensuration offer in terms of problem-solving and decision-making?
Signup and view all the answers
According to the provided content, what is one of the key components included in the scope of forest inventory?
According to the provided content, what is one of the key components included in the scope of forest inventory?
Signup and view all the answers
What primarily influences the methods used for tree stand measurements?
What primarily influences the methods used for tree stand measurements?
Signup and view all the answers
What does 'bias' in the context of forest measurements primarily indicate?
What does 'bias' in the context of forest measurements primarily indicate?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following is the MOST accurate description of the aim of Forest Mensuration?
Which of the following is the MOST accurate description of the aim of Forest Mensuration?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the best action to reduce bias in forest measurements?
What is the best action to reduce bias in forest measurements?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following scenarios exemplifies a cause of bias in forest measurements?
Which of the following scenarios exemplifies a cause of bias in forest measurements?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following is NOT a reason for inaccurate measurements in Forest Mensuration?
Which of the following is NOT a reason for inaccurate measurements in Forest Mensuration?
Signup and view all the answers
What does 'precision' primarily indicate in the context of forest measurements?
What does 'precision' primarily indicate in the context of forest measurements?
Signup and view all the answers
Internal angles in a triangle theoretically adding up to exactly $180°$ is an example of which type of precision?
Internal angles in a triangle theoretically adding up to exactly $180°$ is an example of which type of precision?
Signup and view all the answers
In the context of precision, if a target is directly hit in the center, what does this indicate?
In the context of precision, if a target is directly hit in the center, what does this indicate?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following statements best describes 'uncertainty' in the context of forest measurements?
Which of the following statements best describes 'uncertainty' in the context of forest measurements?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the relationship between random error and precision?
What is the relationship between random error and precision?
Signup and view all the answers
An uncertainty analysis aims to provide quantitative measures of...
An uncertainty analysis aims to provide quantitative measures of...
Signup and view all the answers
In the shadow method, what conditions provide the most accurate results?
In the shadow method, what conditions provide the most accurate results?
Signup and view all the answers
What is a limitation of using the shadow method for tree height measurement?
What is a limitation of using the shadow method for tree height measurement?
Signup and view all the answers
In the Single Pole Method, if the distance from the observer's eye to the base of the pole (Eb) is equal to the pole's length (ab), how is the tree's height (AB) determined?
In the Single Pole Method, if the distance from the observer's eye to the base of the pole (Eb) is equal to the pole's length (ab), how is the tree's height (AB) determined?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the main principle behind using clinometers for tree height measurement?
What is the main principle behind using clinometers for tree height measurement?
Signup and view all the answers
Which instruments are primarily used for determining the height of a standing tree from a distance?
Which instruments are primarily used for determining the height of a standing tree from a distance?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following instruments measures the angle of slope?
Which of the following instruments measures the angle of slope?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following instruments is best suited to be devised into determining the heights of tree?
Which of the following instruments is best suited to be devised into determining the heights of tree?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following is based on geometrical principles of similar triangles or based on relations between the sides of right angled triangles?
Which of the following is based on geometrical principles of similar triangles or based on relations between the sides of right angled triangles?
Signup and view all the answers
Which factor does not significantly influence the size and height of a tree's crown?
Which factor does not significantly influence the size and height of a tree's crown?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the primary characteristic of tree taper described?
What is the primary characteristic of tree taper described?
Signup and view all the answers
Why is accurately measuring tree volume a challenging task?
Why is accurately measuring tree volume a challenging task?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the most accurate method for measuring tree volume, according to the information?
What is the most accurate method for measuring tree volume, according to the information?
Signup and view all the answers
What approach do forest managers typically use to estimate tree volume?
What approach do forest managers typically use to estimate tree volume?
Signup and view all the answers
Which geometrical shape does the base of the tree stem tend to approximate?
Which geometrical shape does the base of the tree stem tend to approximate?
Signup and view all the answers
According to volume calculation by segments, what geometric shape does the segment CD represent?
According to volume calculation by segments, what geometric shape does the segment CD represent?
Signup and view all the answers
What is calculated by summing the volume of individual segments of the tree stem?
What is calculated by summing the volume of individual segments of the tree stem?
Signup and view all the answers
When measuring diameter at breast height (dbh) on sloping ground, where should the measurement be taken?
When measuring diameter at breast height (dbh) on sloping ground, where should the measurement be taken?
Signup and view all the answers
How should dbh be measured on a leaning tree?
How should dbh be measured on a leaning tree?
Signup and view all the answers
What action should be taken if a tree stem is abnormal at breast height?
What action should be taken if a tree stem is abnormal at breast height?
Signup and view all the answers
If a buttress is present at breast height, what adjustment should be made when measuring dbh?
If a buttress is present at breast height, what adjustment should be made when measuring dbh?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following instruments are commonly used to measure dbh/girth in developing countries?
Which of the following instruments are commonly used to measure dbh/girth in developing countries?
Signup and view all the answers
Which instruments are primarily associated with measuring tree diameter & girth in developed countries?
Which instruments are primarily associated with measuring tree diameter & girth in developed countries?
Signup and view all the answers
What is a key advantage of using calipers for dbh measurement?
What is a key advantage of using calipers for dbh measurement?
Signup and view all the answers
What feature of calipers helps to minimize errors caused by loose bark?
What feature of calipers helps to minimize errors caused by loose bark?
Signup and view all the answers
Flashcards
Forest Mensuration
Forest Mensuration
The science of measuring forest composition, structure, and resources.
Role in Management
Role in Management
Provides data for decision-making about forest use and management.
Growth Predictions
Growth Predictions
Estimations of how forest resources will grow over time.
Covariates in Sampling
Covariates in Sampling
Signup and view all the flashcards
Remote Sensing
Remote Sensing
Signup and view all the flashcards
Forest Inventory Methods
Forest Inventory Methods
Signup and view all the flashcards
Good Models require Good Data
Good Models require Good Data
Signup and view all the flashcards
Sampling Theory
Sampling Theory
Signup and view all the flashcards
Objectives of Forest Inventory
Objectives of Forest Inventory
Signup and view all the flashcards
Current Periodic Annual Increment
Current Periodic Annual Increment
Signup and view all the flashcards
Bias in Measurements
Bias in Measurements
Signup and view all the flashcards
Causes of Bias
Causes of Bias
Signup and view all the flashcards
Accuracy
Accuracy
Signup and view all the flashcards
Precision
Precision
Signup and view all the flashcards
Measurement Methods
Measurement Methods
Signup and view all the flashcards
Forest Management Planning
Forest Management Planning
Signup and view all the flashcards
Diameter at Breast Height (DBH)
Diameter at Breast Height (DBH)
Signup and view all the flashcards
Leaning Tree DBH Measurement
Leaning Tree DBH Measurement
Signup and view all the flashcards
Buttress Adjustment
Buttress Adjustment
Signup and view all the flashcards
Measuring Instruments
Measuring Instruments
Signup and view all the flashcards
Wooden Scale Usage
Wooden Scale Usage
Signup and view all the flashcards
Caliper Structure
Caliper Structure
Signup and view all the flashcards
Advantages of Calipers
Advantages of Calipers
Signup and view all the flashcards
Scientific Precision
Scientific Precision
Signup and view all the flashcards
Theoretical Precision
Theoretical Precision
Signup and view all the flashcards
Required Precision
Required Precision
Signup and view all the flashcards
Achievable Precision
Achievable Precision
Signup and view all the flashcards
Uncertainty
Uncertainty
Signup and view all the flashcards
Random Error
Random Error
Signup and view all the flashcards
Bias
Bias
Signup and view all the flashcards
Shadow Method
Shadow Method
Signup and view all the flashcards
Proportional Calculation
Proportional Calculation
Signup and view all the flashcards
Single Pole Method
Single Pole Method
Signup and view all the flashcards
Hypsometers
Hypsometers
Signup and view all the flashcards
Altimeters
Altimeters
Signup and view all the flashcards
Clinometers
Clinometers
Signup and view all the flashcards
Trigonometrical Principles
Trigonometrical Principles
Signup and view all the flashcards
Abney’s Level
Abney’s Level
Signup and view all the flashcards
Tree Shape
Tree Shape
Signup and view all the flashcards
Taper
Taper
Signup and view all the flashcards
Complex Form
Complex Form
Signup and view all the flashcards
Geometrical Solids
Geometrical Solids
Signup and view all the flashcards
Volume of Stem Wood
Volume of Stem Wood
Signup and view all the flashcards
Neiloid Frustum
Neiloid Frustum
Signup and view all the flashcards
Paraboloid Frustum
Paraboloid Frustum
Signup and view all the flashcards
Volume Calculation Formula
Volume Calculation Formula
Signup and view all the flashcards
Study Notes
Course Information
- Course title/code: Forestry Inventory and Mensuration (Frst 3052)
- Course credit: 3 Chr, 5 ETC
- Academic Year III, Semester I
- Program: BSc. Degree in Forestry
- Location: Gimbi, Ethiopia
- Year: 2021/22/23
Introduction to Forest Mensuration
- Mensuration is a branch of forestry concerned with determining dimensions (diameter, height, volume), form, age, and increment of trees, stands, or entire forests, whether standing or felled.
- It involves measurements of felled and standing trees, sawn wood, round logs, and other forest products (bamboos, charcoal, bark, fruits).
- Linear, area, volume, and weight (biomass) measurements are included.
- It provides quantitative information for forest management, planning, and research.
- It's fundamental to sustainable forest management, and the increasing demand on the world's forests requires more precise quantification of forest composition, structure, and the goods and services forests provide.
Forest Mensuration Role in Forest Management
- The main objective of forest mensuration is to provide quantitative information about the forest and its resources to support sound decisions regarding its destiny, use, and management.
- It's essential for planning, predicting growth and yield of forest resources, understanding how harvesting and other management activities influence resource flow, and making decisions on where, when, how, and how much forest land should be treated.
Forest Inventory
- Forest inventory is the systematic collection and analysis of forest data and information for assessment or analysis.
- It is about estimating the value and possible uses of timber and other resources.
- Critical factors include species, diameter at breast height (DBH), height, site quality, age, and defects.
- Inventories can include assessing timber and determining fire hazards.
- Results can support preventive actions and public awareness.
- Wildlife surveys may also be performed concurrently.
- It delivers comprehensive information about the state and dynamics of forests, crucial for strategic and management planning.
- Forest inventory is a record of quantity and value, similar to a store inventory.
Objectives of Forest Inventory
- Determine the volume of timber in a forest to estimate the yield.
- Assess the value of timber for sale or to estimate the return from clear-felled coupes.
- Determine the current periodic annual increment (growth).
- Prepare maps showing regions of high or low volume production to support decision-making in industry setup.
- Provide information for forest management planning and pre-investment decisions on forest industry establishment or expansion.
- Assess the feasibility of projects from economic, social, or other considerations.
Scope of Forest Inventory
- Provides a framework for measurement principles applicable to various forest measurement issues.
- Employs statistical theory and computer use for data processing.
- Predicts future yields.
- Includes the measurement not just of standing trees, but also felled timber and its conversion.
Methods of Tree Stand Measurement
- Measurement methods depend on the intended use and value of the product, the precision needed, and the cost.
Bias, Accuracy, and Precision
- Bias (systematic error) is the lack of accuracy and stems from flawed measurements or incorrect sampling methods.
- Accuracy is the closeness of an estimate to the actual true value. Though mensuration is a branch of mathematics, absolute mathematical accuracy isn't always achievable.
- Precision is the consistency of agreement between independent measurements. It's inversely related to uncertainty.
Causes of Bias in Measurement
- Improper instrument adjustment.
- Measuring units inconsistent with the instrument or technique.
- Consistent underestimation in measurements.
- Arbitrarily shifting field plot locations.
Measurement of Trees
- The primary goal of tree measurement is to estimate the quantity of timber, firewood, or other resources that can be obtained from them. Measurement incorporates techniques for DBH, height, logs, and fuelwood.
Diameter Measurement
- DBH (Diameter at Breast Height) is a crucial measurement for estimating tree volume, determining log volumes, and correlating height, volume, age, and tree increment.
DBH Measurement Rules and Instruments
-
Standardized procedure of measuring 1.37m above ground.
-
Rules for measuring trees tilted or with abnormalities.
Instruments for DBH/Girth Measurement
- Wooden scale, calipers, tape measure, Biltmore stick, Penta prism, and Barr and Stroud dendrometers are mentioned.
Principles of Height Measurement
- Total height is the distance from the top of the tree's leading shoot (or highest crown point) to the ground.
- Methods often use trigonometry and assume the tree is perpendicular to the ground.
- Instruments like hypsometers are crucial for precise height measurements.
Non-Instrumental Height Measurement
- Estimates tree height by eye (ocular method) or by using a pole to divide the tree into measurable segments.
- Shadow methods employ similar triangles formed by the pole and its shadow, compared to the tree and its shadow for calculations on clear days.
- Single pole method involves placing a pole at a specific distance from the observer to assist in the calculation of the tree's height.
Instrumental Height Measurement
- Hypsometers, altimeters, and clinometers use trigonometric principles to determine tree height from a distance.
- Different types of instruments like Abney level, Relaskop, and Haga altimeter are detailed.
Measuring Tree Volume
- Tree volume is complex due to tapering and shape variations, making simple formulas insufficient.
- Accurate volume calculation, like water displacement, is not always applicable in management settings.
- Geometrical shapes (like paraboloids and frustums) help in approximating volume to estimate timber volumes from measurements (girth and height) given form factors.
Measurement of Stem Volume by Form Factors
- Form factors measure the relationship between height and girth to calculate wood volume efficiently.
- This involves preparing tables of average form factors for various girth/height classes.
- Using the formula (V=FxAxH), the form factor (F), area (A), and height (H) are used to estimate the volume (V).
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
Related Documents
Description
This quiz explores key concepts in forest mensuration, focusing on its significance in forest management and inventory. Participants will assess the role of models, remote sensing data, and decision-making processes that impact forest resource management. Test your knowledge on the objectives and applications of forest mensuration.