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Questions and Answers
What percentage of criminal investigation is attributed to perspiration, according to Hans Gross?
What is the primary goal of verifying a criminal complaint during an investigation?
What type of investigation is initiated based on reports and complaints filed to a law enforcement agency?
Which of the following is NOT a category of criminal investigation?
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What is the ultimate goal of a criminal investigation, as stated in the content?
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What type of investigation is conducted to catch the criminal in the act of committing a crime?
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What refers to the beliefs regarding the evidence, patterns, leads, tips and other information developed and uncovered in the case?
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What type of investigation is an official inquiry conducted by the government agency to uncover facts and determine the truth?
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What type of investigation is conducted to identify the original sources of data or causes of problems?
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What type of investigation is pursued by the members of the press?
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Study Notes
Criminal Investigation as an Art
- Criminal investigation is considered an art because it doesn't follow rigid rules or principles and is often governed by intuition, felicity (inspiration), and chance (or luck to a minor extent)
- Hans Gross states that criminal investigation is 95% perspiration, 3% inspiration, and 2% luck, emphasizing the importance of effort in investigations
Criminal Investigation as a Process
- Criminal investigation is a patient, step-by-step, and meticulous examination of something or somebody related to a criminal incident
- It involves a systematic approach to gather information and evidence
Goals of Criminal Investigation
- Determine if a crime has been committed
- Verify the legitimacy of a criminal complaint
- Gather legally obtained information and evidence to identify criminal offenders
- Arrest the perpetrator
- Reconstruct the crime scene
- Obtain admission or confession through interviews and interrogations
- Recover weapons, stolen properties, and proceeds of the crime
- Establish the motive and criminal intent of the offender
- Determine and analyze the modus operandi
- Determine the gravity of the offense
- Recommend or refer the best possible case to the prosecutor
Categories of Criminal Investigation
- Criminal Investigation: inquiry conducted by law enforcement agencies to investigate the commission of a crime
- Non-Criminal Investigation: inquiry conducted on non-criminal incidents or events
- Reactive Investigation (Overt Investigation): initiated based on reports and complaints filed to a law enforcement agency
- Proactive Investigation (Covert Investigation): conducted before and during the commission of the offense to catch the criminal in the act
Components of Criminal Investigation
- Pattern: series of similarities that link a case or indicate that the same person is committing a series of crimes
- Leads: clues or pieces of information that aid in the progress of an investigation
- Tips: leads provided by citizens that aid in the progress of an investigation
- Theories: beliefs regarding evidence, patterns, leads, tips, and other information developed and uncovered in the case
Forms of Investigation
- Formal Investigation: official inquiry conducted by a government agency to uncover facts and determine the truth
- Inquest: effort to search for the basic cause of an incident, such as the commission of a crime
- Inquisition: historical description of a penetrating investigation concerning a religious issue
- Probe: extensive search inquiry conducted by a government agency
- Research: careful and patient investigation done by scientists or scholars to identify original sources of data or causes of problems
- Investigative Reporting: a recent type of investigation pursued by members of the press
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Description
This quiz explores the concept of criminal investigation as an art, its differences from a science, and the factors that govern investigative activities.
