Questions and Answers
What are the goals of CSI?
Recognize, document, and collect.
What does Locard's Exchange Principle state?
Whenever two objects come into contact, there is a cross-transfer of physical evidence.
What is an example of direct evidence?
What is circumstantial evidence?
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Types of circumstantial evidence include ______, ______, and ______.
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What is physical evidence?
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What is biological evidence?
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What is trace evidence?
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What is individual data?
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What is class data/evidence?
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Why is evidence important?
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Can direct evidence be physical or biological?
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What type of evidence is a gun retrieved at a crime scene that matches the suspect's bullets?
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What type of evidence is a box of gloves that matches a pair of gloves found with the suspect?
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Who are the members of a CSI team?
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What are the seven S's of CSI?
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What does it mean to secure the scene?
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Why is it important to separate the witnesses?
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What is meant by scan the scene?
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What is the purpose of seeing the scene?
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What is the significance of sketching the scene?
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Study Notes
Goals of CSI
- Recognize, document, and collect evidence at crime scenes.
Locard's Exchange Principle
- Proposed by Edmond Locard.
- States that contact between two objects leads to a cross-transfer of physical evidence.
- The extent of transfer depends on the intensity, nature, and duration of the materials involved.
Types of Evidence
- Direct Evidence: Eyewitness accounts, videos, and confessions are considered direct proof of a crime.
- Circumstantial Evidence: Implies or infers a fact but does not directly prove it, such as finding a gun at a scene suggesting a suspect's presence.
Categories of Circumstantial Evidence
- Three main types: physical, biological, and trace evidence.
- Can be classified as either individual (specific to one source) or class (common to a group).
Physical and Biological Evidence
- Physical Evidence: Tangible items collected from a crime scene.
- Biological Evidence: Material from living beings, such as hair, blood, or other bodily fluids.
Trace Evidence
- Refers to small but measurable amounts of physical or biological material found at a crime scene, which can be either physical or biological in nature.
Individual and Class Evidence
- Individual Evidence: Can be linked to a single individual with high certainty, such as a matching bullet to a suspect's gun.
- Class Evidence: Associated with a group, such as a blood type or a type of fabric.
Importance of Evidence
- Can prove a crime, back up or disprove a witness, link a suspect to a victim, determine identities, and help reconstruct the crime.
Evidence Types Specifications
- Direct evidence can only be testimonial; it cannot be categorized as physical, biological, individual, or class evidence.
Role of CSI Team Members
- Initial responding officers, backup police, medics, investigators, medical examiners, photographers, field evidence technicians, and lab experts make up a CSI team.
Seven S's of CSI Process
- Secure the scene, separate witnesses, scan the scene, see the scene, sketch the scene, search for evidence, and secure and collect evidence.
Securing the Scene
- The first officer must ensure the area is isolated and call for specialists after addressing any immediate medical needs or apprehending suspects.
Separating Witnesses
- Important to prevent collusion by asking each witness six key questions.
Scanning the Scene
- Assess where photos should be taken and identify primary and secondary scenes.
Seeing and Documenting the Scene
- Photography should be done both close-up and with measuring rulers for context.
Sketching the Scene
- Create accurate representations of physical facts, understand event sequences, and mark locations of objects.
- Include rough and finished sketches, label north (N), and use a scale. Measurements should be referenced from immovable objects, such as walls.
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Description
Explore the fundamentals of forensic science with a focus on Locard's Exchange Principle and the foundational Seven S's of Crime Scene Investigation. This quiz covers essential terminology and concepts crucial for understanding crime scene protocols and evidence handling.