Footwear Impression Evidence

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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is a type of physical pattern evidence?

Bitemarks

Broken Wood

Fingerprints (correct)

Marijuana

What is the main focus of physical pattern examination?

Reconstruction (correct)

Identification of marijuana

Species of origin of hair

Comparison of markings

Which approach is the most widely used for individualization using physical patterns?

Comparison of markings

General shape/form comparison

Morphological identification

Physical matching (correct)

What is the term used for identification based on structural features in physical pattern recognition?

$Morphological$ identification Signup and view all the answers

What affects the size of a bloodstain pattern and its edge configuration?

Original droplet size, surface texture, surface resilience, surface porosity/absorbency, speed at moment of impact Signup and view all the answers

What produces more ragged edges in a bloodstain pattern?

Higher velocities and rougher surfaces Signup and view all the answers

What is the formula for the angle of incidence in terms of the minor and major diameter?

$\theta = \arccos\left(\frac{d}{D}\right)$ Signup and view all the answers

What kind of bloodstain pattern emanates in a radial pattern from repeated blows?

Patterns from blows Signup and view all the answers

What is the average volume of droplets formed slowly?

~0.05 mL Signup and view all the answers

"Patterns from artery spurts" result from what type of blood activity?

"Spurting blood in rhythm with pulsating contractions of the heart" Signup and view all the answers

"Contact patterns and transfers" are useful for revealing what kind of characteristics?

"Class or individual characteristics (fingerprints, footprints, fabric imprints)" Signup and view all the answers

"Blood patterns from shooting" result in what kind of droplet travel pattern?

"Conical pattern in general direction of bullet" Signup and view all the answers

'Preserving and interpreting bloodstain patterns' requires careful documentation to reconstruct what kind of relationships?

'Geometric and spatial relationships between people and objects' Signup and view all the answers

What are acceptable techniques for capturing footwear impressions in snow?

Highlighting with colored aerosol sprays, using a combination of snowprint wax with dental stone, and sulfur casting Signup and view all the answers

What information is included in footwear outsole databases?

Manufacturer, model, size, and production dates Signup and view all the answers

What are considered individualizing characteristics for both footwear and tire track impressions?

Wear patterns, irregularities, damage, cuts, and accidental or intentional marks Signup and view all the answers

What does laboratory examination of physical pattern evidence require consideration of?

Class and individualizing characteristics, cast shrinkage, movement when the pattern was left Signup and view all the answers

Where can physical pattern evidence also be found?

Blood spatter Signup and view all the answers

What can bloodstain patterns be valuable in reconstructing?

A crime scene Signup and view all the answers

What does interpretation of blood droplet dynamics include understanding?

Terminal velocity Signup and view all the answers

What do tire track imprints/impressions have as class characteristics?

Zigzag pattern Signup and view all the answers

What is involved in exemplar preparation for footwear impression evidence?

Imprint methods such as inked prints and oil/black powder prints Signup and view all the answers

What information do tire track imprints/impressions provide?

Zigzag pattern characteristics Signup and view all the answers

Which method is used for documenting footwear patterns from outsoles?

Photography Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended method for collecting dry dust shoeprints?

Lifting with adhesive tape Signup and view all the answers

Which type of pattern evidence can be classified based on wheelbase and track widths?

Tire tracks Signup and view all the answers

What is used for recording the general location and orientation of pattern evidence?

Long and medium-range photographs Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of casting materials in pattern evidence collection?

Creating 3-D reproductions Signup and view all the answers

What is involved in indirect physical matches of pattern evidence?

Impressions and striations examination Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Pattern Evidence Collection and Analysis

Pattern evidence includes direct physical matches, indirect physical matches, and general form comparisons.
Direct physical matches involve physical fits and definitive individualizations, and should not be attempted in the field to prevent damage to the evidence.
Indirect physical matches include imprints, indentations, and striations, which are examined in the lab for continuity of patterns and surface markings.
Documentation, collection, and preservation of pattern evidence involve thorough documentation through photographs, notes, and sketches prior to any collection or preservation.
Collection and preservation methods for physical pattern evidence include lifting of imprint patterns, casting materials, and 3-D pattern reproductions.
Tire tracks can be classified based on wheelbase, front, and rear track widths, and careful measurement can identify the manufacturer of the vehicle involved.
Footwear patterns from outsoles are documented with photography, and electrostatic lifting is used for shoeprints in dry dust.
Documented examples of pattern evidence include fingerprints, blood spatter analysis, firearms and toolmarks evidence, glass reconstruction, and footwear imprints and impressions.
Long and medium-range photographs are used to record general location and orientation of pattern evidence, while close-up photos record detail and irregularities.
Pattern evidence individuations are subjective in nature and include hair comparisons, facial recognition, handwriting, dental x-rays, and voiceprint comparisons.
The degree of individualization in pattern evidence depends on the number and type of features present in the mark and the relationship of the mark to the case.
Pattern evidence collection and analysis methods are outlined in the book "Crime Investigation" by P.L. Kirk.

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Description

Test your knowledge about footwear impression evidence including detection, recovery, and examination techniques. Learn about electrostatic lifting and casting of shoeprints.