Questions and Answers
What case is associated with the Sandy Hook shooting?
Who killed her five children by drowning them in a bathtub?
Andrea Yates
What does DSM stand for?
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
What is meant by the polythetic approach in mental disorder classification?
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What does comorbidity refer to?
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What did Szasz suggest about mental disorders?
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Who is known for removing chains from mental hospitals and encouraging exercise?
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What technique did Freud develop?
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What is operant conditioning?
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Auditory hallucinations are the most common type of ______.
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Define delusions in the context of the DSM-5.
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What defines neologisms?
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What is derailment in speech?
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What characterizes schizophrenia?
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What is a key component of the theory of mind?
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What is the definition of addiction?
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What is withdrawal in the context of substance use?
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Which neurotransmitter is associated with mood balance?
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What does the term epidemiology refer to?
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What is the definition of ASD?
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Study Notes
Adam Lanza Case
- Involved in the Sandy Hook Shooting, resulting in the deaths of 20 students and 6 staff members and injuries to 2 others.
- No formal mental illness diagnosis, but suspected to have schizophrenia.
- Exhibited traits of intelligence, nervousness, flat affect, and social avoidance, potentially indicating autism.
Andrea Yates
- Infamously killed her five children by drowning them in a bathtub.
- Diagnosed with postpartum depression and psychosis.
- Initially charged with murder, later retried and found guilty by reason of insanity, receiving hospital treatment.
DSM
- Primary instrument for diagnosing mental disorders.
- Has undergone five major revisions in addition to a total of eight revisions as research evolves.
Polythetic Approach
- Classification method requiring an individual to meet a certain number of symptoms from a larger set for a mental disorder diagnosis.
Comorbidity
- Refers to the simultaneous presence of two or more disorders in a single individual.
- Can manifest at a single point in time or as multiple diagnoses throughout a person's lifespan.
Criticisms of the DSM
- Focuses on symptom-based diagnosis rather than investigating underlying causes of mental disorders.
Szasz
- Argued that many labeled mental disorders are just everyday life problems, coining the term medicalization.
- Considered the father of the anti-psychiatry movement, published "The Myth of Mental Illness."
Philippe Pinel
- Revolutionized mental health care in Paris by removing chains from patients and creating sunnier living conditions.
- Promoted recovery through exercise and a more humane treatment environment.
Freud
- Developed psychoanalysis, which is built on the earlier work of Breuer.
- Focused on unconscious drives and early childhood experiences.
Skinner
- Known for his development of operant conditioning as a behavioral concept.
Fagan
- Proposed a theoretical framework connecting drug, alcohol, and violence, emphasizing cognitive impacts of intoxication.
Goldstein
- Developed a tripartite framework linking drugs, alcohol, and violence through psychopharmacological effects, economic compulsive violence, and systemic violence.
David Berkowitz (Son of Sam)
- Notorious serial killer who claimed demonic influence; currently states his actions were fabricated.
Diane Schuler Incident
- Reported disorientation while driving led to a fatal crash on the Taconic Parkway; identified with alcohol and high levels of THC.
Joel David Rifkin
- Convicted serial killer linked to the murders of nine women, potentially killing up to seventeen between 1989 and 1993 in New York.
Classical Conditioning
- Describes behavior patterns learned via reflexes and environmental stimuli; exemplified by Pavlov’s dog experiment.
Operant Conditioning
- Behaviors are shaped by antecedent conditions and consequences; reinforcement increases behavior likelihood, punishment decreases it.
Hallucinations
- Sensory perceptions without external stimuli, frequently auditory.
Delusions
- Defined in the DSM-5 as stubborn beliefs despite contradictory evidence.
Neologisms
- Creation of entirely new words or phrases that may not have clear derivations.
Derailment
- Spontaneous speech pattern where thoughts shift to unrelated topics.
Schizophrenia
- Psychotic disorder characterized by positive symptoms (delusions, hallucinations) and negative symptoms (lack of emotion).
- Onset typically seen from late teens to mid-30s and often co-occurs with other mental health issues.
Schizotypal Personality Disorder
- Marked by discomfort in relationships, distorted thinking, and eccentric behavior.
Schizoaffective Disorder
- Features mood episodes alongside schizophrenia symptoms, with periods of delusions or hallucinations without mood symptoms.
Fragile X Syndrome
- Genetic disorder resulting in developmental problems, often more severe in males, with associated intellectual disabilities and potential autism features.
Theory of Mind
- The capacity to understand others' cognitive and emotional states, often impaired in individuals with Asperger syndrome.
Diathesis-Stress Model
- Suggests predisposed individuals are more likely to develop disorders when faced with stress.
Intelligence Quotient (IQ)
- Originally calculated as a ratio of mental age to chronological age, with average performance set at 100 in contemporary assessments.
Dopamine
- Neurotransmitter integral to movement, attention, learning, and emotional regulation, also linked to addiction.
Serotonin
- Key neurotransmitter influencing mood balance; low levels associated with depression.
Tolerance
- Adaptation process requiring increased substance amounts for the same effect due to continuous exposure.
Addiction
- Compulsive behavior characterized by a persistent pursuit of immediate gratification despite negative consequences.
Dependence
- Refers to addiction aspects: psychological (need for substance), physical (body adaptation), and behavioral.
Withdrawal
- Symptoms following cessation of a substance in a physically dependent individual; symptoms are often opposite to intoxication effects.
Epidemiology
- Scientific study focused on the occurrence and frequency of disorders within specific populations.
Prevalence
- Total count of individuals with a disorder within a defined population.
Incidence
- Rate of new cases of a specific condition occurring over a defined time period.
Psychoanalytic Approach
- Emphasizes unconscious drives stemming from childhood, foundational concept in Freud's work.
Behavioral Approach
- Focuses on how external stimuli condition behaviors, challenging concepts of free will through reinforcement and punishment.
Cognitive Approach
- Behavior explained by cognitive processes and memories, influenced by personal expectations and past experiences.
Humanistic Approach
- Emphasizes individuality and self-actualization; advocates for a supportive therapeutic environment.
Neuropsychological Approach
- Utilizes experimental psychology to explore the relationship between the nervous system and cognitive functions.
Asperger Syndrome
- Autism spectrum disorder marked by social interaction difficulties, with no significant cognitive or language development delays.
Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)
- Defined by challenges in social communication and repetitive behavior patterns.
Attention Deficit Disorder (ADD)
- A psychiatric condition with significant attention and impulsiveness issues inconsistent with age.
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)
- Characterized by hyperactivity and impulsive behavior that is inappropriate for the individual's age.
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Description
Test your knowledge on key cases in forensic psychopathology with this flashcard set. Focus on significant individuals like Adam Lanza and Andrea Yates, exploring their backgrounds and diagnoses. Perfect for students studying psychology or criminal behavior.
