Forensic Psychology: Historical Overview
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Questions and Answers

What was the outcome of the case influenced by Julian Varendonck's testimony?

  • A guilty verdict for the accused
  • An appeal
  • A mistrial
  • A not guilty verdict for the accused (correct)
  • What was the focus of William Moulton Marston's pioneering research on the jury system?

  • The comparison of written and oral evidence on jury deliberations (correct)
  • The effects of attorney charisma on jury verdicts
  • The impact of oral evidence on jury decisions
  • The role of judges in jury selection
  • What was the significance of the landmark case Frye v. U.S. (1923)?

  • Establishment of the original standard for expert testimony acceptance in federal courts (correct)
  • Introduction of psychology of testimony into court proceedings
  • Development of the first forensic psychology laboratory
  • Establishment of the polygraph as a legal tool
  • What was a key finding of William Moulton Marston's research on jury decision-making?

    <p>Female jurors were more careful in considering evidence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the primary contribution of Louis Brandeis in the case Muller v. Oregon (1908)?

    <p>Submitting a social science brief arguing for limited work hours for women</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the primary focus of James McKeen Cattell's early research in forensic psychology?

    <p>The study of witness recall and eyewitness testimony</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who is credited with testifying in a German sexual assault case in 1911, leading to the teacher's exoneration?

    <p>Karl Marbe</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What year did the American Psychological Association (APA) recognize forensic psychology as a specialty?

    <p>2001</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the primary contribution of William Stern to forensic psychology?

    <p>The study of witness recall</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the current scope of forensic psychology, according to the Specialty Guidelines?

    <p>Psychologists who provide scientific information to courts and evaluate individuals in legal contexts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Early Roots of Forensic Psychology

    • Wilhelm Wundt founded the first psychology lab in Germany in 1879, marking the origin of forensic psychology.
    • Experts in the field have contributed significantly to its growth since then.

    Psychology of Testimony

    • James McKeen Cattell conducted early research on eyewitness testimony, revealing inaccuracies and raising questions about its validity in court.
    • Alfred Binet's work in intelligence testing and William Stern's study of witness recall further shaped forensic psychology.
    • Psychologists began acting as expert witnesses in criminal trials in Europe.
    • Hugo Munsterberg advocated for psychology's practical use in legal matters, and Lewis Terman applied psychology to law enforcement.

    Modern Scope of Forensic Psychology

    • Forensic psychology, recognized as a specialty by the APA in 2001, extends beyond clinical assessments to provide expertise across diverse legal contexts.
    • The APA recognized forensic psychology as a specialty in 2001, emphasizing clinical aspects.
    • The Specialty Guidelines take a broader view, encompassing research on human behavior related to the legal process.

    Forensic Psychology in Early Court Cases

    • In 1911, Karl Marbe testified in a German sexual assault case, convincing the jury that the girls' statements were unreliable, leading to the teacher's exoneration.
    • In 1911, psychologists testified in a Belgian murder trial, where Julian Varendonck's findings revealed inaccuracies in child witnesses' recall of crucial events.
    • Varendonck's work marked the formal introduction of psychology of testimony into court proceedings, potentially saving a man's life.

    William Moulton Marston: A Pioneer in Forensic Psychology

    • William Moulton Marston discovered a positive correlation between systolic blood pressure and lying, laying the foundation for the modern polygraph.
    • Marston testified in the landmark case Frye v. U.S. (1923), establishing the original standard for expert testimony acceptance in federal courts.
    • Marston's significant contributions to forensic psychology include his work in lie detection, consulting with legal professionals, and conducting pioneering research on the jury system.
    • Louis Brandeis submitted a social science brief arguing for limited work hours for women based on empirical data in the case Muller v. Oregon (1908).

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    Description

    This quiz covers the historical development of forensic psychology, from its early roots to contributions from experts in the field, including Wilhelm Wundt, James McKeen Cattell, Alfred Binet, and more.

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