Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is described as a positive and necessary trait for the survival of a nation?
What is described as a positive and necessary trait for the survival of a nation?
Which concept refers to the belief that a nation views its own systems as superior to others?
Which concept refers to the belief that a nation views its own systems as superior to others?
What does the Monroe Doctrine primarily oppose?
What does the Monroe Doctrine primarily oppose?
What significant change did the Roosevelt Corollary introduce to the Monroe Doctrine?
What significant change did the Roosevelt Corollary introduce to the Monroe Doctrine?
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What term refers to lands whose ownership and sovereignty are contested between countries?
What term refers to lands whose ownership and sovereignty are contested between countries?
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What was one of the outcomes of the Spanish-American War?
What was one of the outcomes of the Spanish-American War?
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Which term describes a country's extended sphere of influence beyond its sovereign borders?
Which term describes a country's extended sphere of influence beyond its sovereign borders?
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Which phrase was coined to describe the belief in the U.S. expansion across North America, justified as inevitable?
Which phrase was coined to describe the belief in the U.S. expansion across North America, justified as inevitable?
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What is the maximum age to serve in the House of Representatives?
What is the maximum age to serve in the House of Representatives?
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Which article of the Constitution outlines the legislative branch?
Which article of the Constitution outlines the legislative branch?
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Which amendment grants women the right to vote?
Which amendment grants women the right to vote?
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What is the minimum age requirement to become a Senator?
What is the minimum age requirement to become a Senator?
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What does the Full Faith and Credit Clause ensure?
What does the Full Faith and Credit Clause ensure?
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Which amendment abolished slavery?
Which amendment abolished slavery?
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What principle prevents one branch of government from overpowering another?
What principle prevents one branch of government from overpowering another?
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How many justices are on the Supreme Court?
How many justices are on the Supreme Court?
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What is the process called when the Supreme Court selects which cases to hear?
What is the process called when the Supreme Court selects which cases to hear?
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What does Selective Incorporation refer to?
What does Selective Incorporation refer to?
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Which countries were part of the Triple Alliance during World War I?
Which countries were part of the Triple Alliance during World War I?
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What was a main consequence of the 1917 Communist Revolution?
What was a main consequence of the 1917 Communist Revolution?
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What was the purpose of the Treaty of Versailles?
What was the purpose of the Treaty of Versailles?
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Which doctrine emphasized American support for democratic nations against authoritarian threats?
Which doctrine emphasized American support for democratic nations against authoritarian threats?
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What was a key aspect of the Nixon Doctrine?
What was a key aspect of the Nixon Doctrine?
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What was the effect of the Berlin Crisis that occurred from 1958 to 1961?
What was the effect of the Berlin Crisis that occurred from 1958 to 1961?
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Which of the following concepts describes the military tactic of surrounding and isolating a target?
Which of the following concepts describes the military tactic of surrounding and isolating a target?
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Which strategy advocated preemptive action against potential threats before they materialize?
Which strategy advocated preemptive action against potential threats before they materialize?
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What major shift occurred in U.S. foreign policy with the approach of the Bipolar balance?
What major shift occurred in U.S. foreign policy with the approach of the Bipolar balance?
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What was outlined in Woodrow Wilson's Fourteen Points address?
What was outlined in Woodrow Wilson's Fourteen Points address?
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What was the primary economic aim of Mercantilism?
What was the primary economic aim of Mercantilism?
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What role did the Articles of Confederation play in American history?
What role did the Articles of Confederation play in American history?
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Which congress represented the first time the 13 colonies united against England?
Which congress represented the first time the 13 colonies united against England?
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Which doctrine stressed the importance of human rights and U.S. involvement in the Middle East?
Which doctrine stressed the importance of human rights and U.S. involvement in the Middle East?
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What was established by the Connecticut Compromise regarding representation in Congress?
What was established by the Connecticut Compromise regarding representation in Congress?
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Which statement is true regarding Shay's Rebellion?
Which statement is true regarding Shay's Rebellion?
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What is the primary role of the House of Representatives?
What is the primary role of the House of Representatives?
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What does the concept of federalism involve?
What does the concept of federalism involve?
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In the context of the Constitution, the Three-fifths Compromise addressed which issue?
In the context of the Constitution, the Three-fifths Compromise addressed which issue?
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Which of the following best describes 'implied powers'?
Which of the following best describes 'implied powers'?
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What is the purpose of a writ of certiorari?
What is the purpose of a writ of certiorari?
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What does the Rule of Four refer to in the U.S. Supreme Court?
What does the Rule of Four refer to in the U.S. Supreme Court?
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Which chamber of Congress has the sole power to impeach?
Which chamber of Congress has the sole power to impeach?
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What is gerrymandering?
What is gerrymandering?
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What role does the Senate play in the process of 'Advice and Consent'?
What role does the Senate play in the process of 'Advice and Consent'?
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What does a filibuster entail in the U.S. Senate?
What does a filibuster entail in the U.S. Senate?
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What is a progressive tax?
What is a progressive tax?
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Which situation describes congressional oversight?
Which situation describes congressional oversight?
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Study Notes
Foreign Policy Concepts
- National Interest: Each country develops a foreign policy to advance or protect its security, economy, culture, and societal functions.
- Hegemony: Belief that a country has influence that extends beyond its own borders.
- Egocentrism: A nation prioritizing its own systems and policies, neglecting others'.
- Nationalism: Considered a positive trait, essential for a nation's survival.
- Confusion of Terminology: A country's defensive weapons can be perceived as offensive by others, potentially leading to an arms race.
- Irredentism: Claims to lands disputed between nations.
US Foreign Policy History
- American Isolationism: A historical stance of the US avoiding entanglement in global affairs.
- Manifest Destiny: 19th-century US belief in its right to expand across North America, used to justify actions against Native Americans.
- Monroe Doctrine: US foreign policy opposing European colonization in the Western Hemisphere. Key points: no more colonization, no interference in European affairs, and European intervention in the Americas viewed as hostile.
- Spanish-American War (1898): Conflict between the US and Spain, resulting in the US acquiring territories (Cuba, Puerto Rico, Philippines), and establishing it as a world power.
- Roosevelt Corollary: Extension of the Monroe Doctrine, asserting the US right to intervene in Latin American countries to maintain stability and prevent European interference
- Confrontational Balance(WW1), Triple Entente, Triple Alliance: Two opposing alliances in WWI: Entente(France, Britain) responding to German naval power & Alliance(Germany, Austria-Hungary, Italy). Leading to WW1
- 1917 Communist Revolution: Key event leading to the Cold War, establishing the Soviet Union as the main antagonist to US and capitalist allies.
- Treaty of Versailles: Ended WWI between Germany and Allied Powers.
- League of Nations: International peacekeeping organization proposed by Woodrow Wilson in his Fourteen Points.
- Unipolar Balance: Post WWI era with US isolationism, demilitarization, and rise of Germany as a military power. Led to rise of WW2
Cold War and Beyond
- Cold War (1947-1991): Period of tension between US and Soviet Union, fuelled by fear of communist expansion.
- Truman Doctrine: US policy supporting democratic nations facing authoritarian threats.
- Berlin Crisis (1958-1961): Conflict over Berlin, culminating in the Berlin Wall.
- Marshall Plan: US economic aid to post-WWII Western Europe.
- Carter Doctrine: Emphasized human rights and US interests in the Middle East.
- Nixon Doctrine: US strategy of detente, relaxing tensions with the USSR.
- Reagan Doctrine: US policy of confronting the USSR, using "peace through strength" and domestic growth to its advantage.
- Unipolar balance post-WW1: Era of US isolationism, neutrality laws, and demilitarization.
- Bipolar balance post-WW2: Era of US involvement in world affairs, containing communism.
- Polycentric: Post-Cold War era with many centers of power, nationalism, terrorism, weapons proliferation.
- Bush Doctrine: Policy of preemptive action against perceived threats.
International Economic Organizations
- WTO (World Trade Organization): International body establishing global trade rules.
- IMF (International Monetary Fund): Organization promoting global financial stability.
Military Strategy
- Encirclement: Military tactic to isolate an enemy force.
- Eisenhower Doctrine: US military and economic aid to Middle Eastern nations facing external threats.
Wars (Specific to text):
- Korean War & Vietnam War: US intervention to prevent communist expansion during the Cold War.
Other Concepts
- Social Contract Theory: Theory of origin of society, rights, and responsibilities.
- Capitalism: Economic system where private individuals own the means of production
- Mercantilism: Policy to increase national wealth by maximizing exports and minimizing imports.
- Articles of Confederation: First US constitution.
- Stamp Act Congress/Continental Congress: Colonies' agreement against a common enemy (England)
- Shay's Rebellion: Uprising against high taxes/economic conditions in Massachusetts.
- Connecticut Compromise: US Congress structure (Senate & House of Representatives) establishing representation.
- Federalism: System dividing power between federal and state governments
- Virginia & New Jersey Plans: Constitutional convention proposals on government structure.
- Enumerated Powers: Specific powers granted to the federal government by the constitution
- Reserved Powers: Powers reserved for the states.
- Concurrent Powers: Powers shared by federal & state governments
- Implied Powers Powers not explicitly listed in Constitution but implied.
- Original Jurisdiction: Trial court jurisdiction for a case
- Appellate Jurisdiction: Reviewing decisions from lower courts
- Writ of Certiorari: Supreme Court review of lower court decisions ("Rule of Four")
- Apportionment: Distribution of House of Representatives seats among states.
- Impeachment: Process of removing government officials.
- Advice and Consent: Senate's role in approving treaties & presidential appointments.
- Legislative Oversight: Congress's monitoring of executive branch polices.
- Progressive Tax: Tax rate increases with income.
- Regressive Tax: Tax rate decreases with income.
- Appropriations Bills: Authorize government spending.
- Ways and Means Committee: Reviews/recommends government budgets.
- Standing Committees: Permanent legislative committees.
- Filibuster: Tactic used in the Senate (by extending debates) to delay or prevent votes.
- Cloture: Procedure to end a filibuster.
- Override Veto: Congress can override a presidential veto by ⅔ vote.
- Conference Committee: Resolves differences between House and Senate bills.
- Gerrymandering: Manipulating electoral district boundaries to favor a political party.
- Tax Exemption: Avoiding taxation of certain individuals/entities.
- Tax Credit: Amount subtracted from income tax.
- Tax Deferral: Paying taxes at a later date.
- Tax Burden: Percent of income going to taxes.
- Tax Base Breadth: Total amount subject to taxation.
- Inflation (cost-push/demand-pull): Changes in prices due to factors and/or demand
- Recession: Two consecutive quarters of economic decline.
- Fiscal Policy: Government use of taxation/spending to influence the economy
- House of Representatives: 435 members, 2-year terms, 25 years old requirement
- US Senate: 100 members, 6-year terms, 30 years old requirement, 1/3 re-election each year
- Dates of ratification: Constitution, Bill of Rights
- First Three Articles: Establish legislative, executive, and judicial branches.
- Privileges and Immunities Clause: Equal treatment of state citizens in other states
- Full Faith and Credit Clause: Mutual respect among states for public records and legal processes
- National Supremacy: Federal government law takes precedence over state law
- Selective Incorporation: Applying Bill of Rights to states gradually.
- Amendments 13-26: Key amendments in US history.
- Autonomy: Self-governing
- Autarky: Self-sufficiency
- Articles of Confederation: First US Constitution
- Checks and Balances: Separating powers
- Direct Democracy: Citizens deciding laws directly
- John Locke: Philosopher on natural rights
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Description
This quiz explores key concepts of foreign policy, including national interest and hegemony, as well as historical perspectives on US foreign policy such as isolationism and manifest destiny. Test your knowledge on how these ideas have shaped international relations and the US's role in the world.
